l82 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



gens. By use of these packs one could cause the foe to stand hypno- 

 tized in battle and thus be easily slain. In summer, feasting and 

 dancing are connected with religious worship, but in winter there 

 is no dancing. Features of the summer festivals are the four 

 dances, the ceremonial eating of dog meat, and a prayer to the Spirit 

 of Fire and He Who Lies With His Face In The Smoke-Hole 

 (/. c, the sky) that they correctly inform the particular manitou who, 

 when bestowing a blessing, commanded the festival to be observed, 

 that worship is being held. Descriptions of these festivals may be 

 found in the 40th Annual Report and Bulletin 85 of the Bureau of 

 American Ethnology. 



On July 22. I left for Fort Washakie, Wyoming, to renew my 

 researches among the Northern Arapaho. Through the courtesy of 

 both the Superintendent and Principal. I lodged at the Shoshone 

 Boarding School. The work here consisted chiefly of a study of the 

 Arapaho language. Although it is known that Arapaho is Algonquian 

 in stock, it is very aberrant. I worked out a number of very intricate 

 sound shifts, whereby a larger proportion of the Arapaho words was 

 shown to be Algonquian than hitherto suspected, and a few additional 

 grammatical features were discovered to be Algonquian. Neverthe- 

 less a large part of the vocabulary ap])arently is not Algonquian in 

 origin, and the source of this is still unknown. Incidentally I wit- 

 nessed the Shoshone Sun Dance (the Northern Arapaho held none 

 last summer ; fortunately I saw the Sun Dances of both the Northern 

 Arapaho and Shoshone in the previous season), and measured quite 

 a number of Arapahoes and Shoshones. The study of these anthropo- 

 metric measurements has not yet l)een completed, but the cephalic 

 index of my series of Shoshones is quite comparable to that obtained 

 under the direction of Dr. Boas more than twenty years ago. The 

 work unfortunately was interrupted by the appearance of two motion 

 picture companies. Of course I could not compete with the wages 

 they offered the Indians, and moreover, all the Indians wished to 

 see the pictures " shot " even though only a few hundred took actual 

 part in them. I therefore judged it best to postpone my studies to a 

 more favorable time, and so began my journey eastward, arriving in 

 Washington September i. 



