40 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



up hill, over passes, and clown again. On the 21st, Dr. Graham 

 observes that " a Chinese woman, evidently in much mental distress, 

 knocked her head on the ground and told me that three of her children 

 were captives among the Lolos (or Nosos). She had no money to 

 ransom them." At the time he was writing this note, the Lolos 

 attacked the village, but his escort, now increased to 15 men, helped 

 to repulse them. The Lolos are a fierce aboriginal tribe who seem to 

 live largely by plunder. The pure Lolos call themselves " black-boned," 

 to distinguish them from those who are part Chinese and are known 

 as " white-boned." Dr. Graham does not indicate the meaning of this 

 distinction, except to say that the " black-boned " Lolos are the elite 

 of the tribe. 



On July 23 the party crossed a pass called by the Chinese Shiao- 

 Shiang-Lin, with an altitude of 10,800 feet. This pass was feared 

 more than any other one yet to be reached, for at this one the Lolos 

 rob, loot, and take captives, while at the next one Chinese are the 

 robbers. The 24th was uneventful, except that the party passed 

 through a Chinese village that had been looted, the houses burnt, and 

 the people taken away as captives by the Lolos. Some of the captives 

 had been ransomed but others were still in captivity. 



At some periods of the journey the Graham party numbered 34 

 souls, but by this time it was reduced to 18. Dr. Graham and his 

 collectors added to their natural history material at every opportunity, 

 although conditions were not ideal for the gathering of specimens. 

 The party reached Li-Tseo on July 25. and spent the night there. 

 They were still 50 li from Ningyuenfu but reached their destination 

 on the 26th. 



Some days were spent at Ningyuenfu, where Dr. Graham and his 

 assistants collected specimens, particularly on a lake in the vicinity. 

 On July 28 several members of the party went on a short trip and 

 the head coolie cooked dinner. He used some " salt " on the vegetables 

 which proved to be arsenic, and all those who partook of this food were 

 made sick, but fortunately all recovered. On August i. Dr. Graham 

 mailed 16 boxes of specimens to Suifu as being a more certain means 

 of getting them through in safety. 



The return journey was begun on August 6, and was largely a 

 repetition of the outgoing trip. Dr. Graham notes in his diary that 

 all of his coolies were opium smokers, and that it was a problem every 

 morning to get them up in time to smoke their opium and get an 

 early start on the road. On the loth he writes they passed many ruins 

 of towers and fortresses, and that nearly every town was walled, all 



