I/O 



SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



being on the coast they suffered more than the inland Indians, as was 

 always the case. When finally the Americans came, in the middle of the 

 nineteenth century, there were no ethnologists among them to write 

 down what could still have been told by aged Indians. What the 

 writer has accomplished is the piecing together of every scrap of 

 information in the Spanish language, and illuminating the first-hand 

 informational structure thus built up with the knowledge that sur- 

 viving individuals of Indian descent can contribute. 



Fig. 152. — Sra. Mariana Hall, Chumashan Indian informant. 



The Chumashan idea of the proper figure of a man was to be built as 

 straight as an arrow, big chested, and with body tapering from chest 

 to toes. These Indians lived as much outdoors as did any wild animals, 

 and they had an almost uncanny strength when aroused. The day 

 was started and again ended with a cold bath. In the early morning 

 a man and all his family, from babies to centenarians, headed for 

 the arroyo and plunged in. The day was spent in hunting, fishing, 

 gathering of vegetable food, and similar pursuits, and at sundown a 

 Turkish bath in the tcinascal or hot house was indulged in, fol- 

 lowed by another plunge in the cold water, and a hearty meal. After 



