SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I928 1 75 



the success of these studies, he is greatly indebted to Professor H. E. 

 Bolton and to Mr. F. W. Hodge. 



A study was also made of the earliest detailed maps of the Cali- 

 fornia coast, those prepared by Sebastian Vizcaino's cartographer in 

 1601-1603. The map of this series representing the eastern and cen- 

 tral section of the Santa Barl:)ara Channel is reproduced here as 

 figure 153. A " puel)lo grande " or large town of the Indians on the 

 mainland shore will be seen indicated at the upper right-hand corner 

 of the map. Practically every feature on the Vizcaino maps has been 

 definitely identified and explained. A comparative study has been 

 made of the copies of these maps in the Archivo General de Indias, 

 Sevilla, 60-4-37 5 '" the Direccion de Hidrografia, Madrid, bol. 

 Navarrete. tomo 19, no. 9 ; in Lowry, Spanish Settlements in the 

 United States, California Transcripts. Library of Congress; and in 

 the Bancroft Library, LIniversity of California. 



Numerous disconnected parts of two-piece bone fishhooks have been 

 found by the writer in his California investigations and such frag- 

 ments had already been described by the Rev. Stephen Bowers in the 

 first volume of Science in 1883. No such fishhook had ever been 

 found intact, however, until this year, when in looking over collections 

 in the National Museum, the writer found an entire specimen (see 

 fig. 154). It was collected by Mr. Frank E. Gist, of Weitchpec. Cali- 

 fornia, years ago ; it is in perfect condition with wrapping, pitching. 

 and attached cord, and is precisely the article known from the Santa 

 Barbara channel graves. 



The work at Taos, New Mexico, consisted of a complete inter- 

 pretation of the life and customs of the Taos Indians, and the writer 

 had the privilege of witnessing the famous San Geronimo Day dance. 

 The distinctive costumes still worn by the Taos men are shown in 

 figure 155. Nowhere among our United States Indians are old customs 

 more faithfully followed at the present time than in this picturesque 

 corner of the southern Rocky Mountains. A large map of the region 

 was prepared, with the help of ^Ir. L. Pascual Martinez. One of the 

 sacred places of the Indians. Blue Lake, is shown in figure 156. A 

 Taos dictionary of several thousand words was also prepared, con- 

 taining, among other features. Taos bird identifications by Professor 

 Vernon Bailey and Mrs. Florence Merriam Bailey. 



The Pueblo of Taos, situated on both sides of a beautiful and 

 strong-flowing eastern tril)utary creek of the Rio Grande at an altitude 

 of 6,500 feet, is in many respects the most remarkable of the pueblos. 

 It has the distinction of lying furthest north of all the Indian pueblos 



