SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I928 18/ 



technically) agrees with Ojihwa and Cree as opposed to Sauk and 

 Fox. Although Kickapoo may therefore be presumed to be more 

 archaic than Sauk and Fox in certain particulars, yet as a whole. Fox 

 is more archaic. There is a special term for a certain branch of the 

 Potawatomi, which corresponds to " ]\Iascoutens." 



Towards the close of July, I made my headquarters at the U. S. 

 Indian school at Concho, where for a short time I devoted most of 

 my attention to Southern Arapaho language, being fortunate enough 

 to secure the services of Cleaver Warden, who has worked with other 

 scientists previously (Dorsey, Mooney, Kroeber). Southern Arapaho 

 does not differ markedly from Northern Arapaho. As I have stated 

 on more than one occasion, Arapaho is a very divergent Algonquian 

 language. The phonetic shifts which occur are highly complicated, and 

 the quality of the vowels surrounding or adjacent to consonants must 

 ever be kept in mind when formulating these shifts. Owing to the 

 complex character of the shifts, words which superficially do not 

 seem the least Algonquian can nevertheless be shown to be such. Al- 

 though at present only a small percentage of the total vocabulary of 

 Arapaho can be shown to be Algonquian, it is possible that further 

 discovery of phonetic shifts will show a larger proportion of the 

 vocabulary to be such. In grammar Arapaho is fundamentally 

 ,A.lgonquian, even though some categories apparently have broken 

 down. It must be admitted that certain traits (particularly the order 

 of words) are distinctly unlike those of other Algonquian languages. 

 At the same time, I was able to discover some Algonquian features 

 which have hitherto been overlooked. Though spending most of my 

 time on linguistics, some important data on the military societies was 

 acquired. Incidentally, I heard some Southern Cheyenne spoken. It 

 apparently is not as divergent as Arapaho. 



Shortly after the first week in August I went to Tama, Iowa, to 

 renew my work among the Foxes, whose native name when translated 

 into English means " Red Earths." Externally little change had taken 

 place since the previous season. It may be noted that making jewelry, 

 toy canoes, and baskets more than ever before supplies these Indians 

 with good incomes. Much of the basketry is modeled after Winnebago 

 styles, though the Foxes also have styles of their own. W'hile at 

 Tama I restored a long text (written in the current syllabic script) 

 on the WapAudwiweni, and obtained some grammatical notes on it. 

 Some additional texts on some festivals of the War Chiefs gens, etc., 

 and some translations were obtained, as well as important new data 

 on Fox sociology. The general ritualized character of Fox social 



