194 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



were above the surface of the ground. The main feature of interest 

 in the pueblo ruin, in addition to its stratigraphic relationship to the 

 pit houses and the manner in which it illustrates the development and 

 growth of such a communal center, is its suggested relationship to 

 the San Juan cultures in the north. This is clearly shown in the pot- 

 tery and by the circular ceremonial chambers or kivas. The latter have 

 pilasters to support roof timbers and pronounced wall niches above the 

 ventilators (fig. 173). These characteristics have long been considered 

 typical of the San Juan kivas and have not been thought to have been 

 constructed by peoples living outside that area. Their presence in the 

 Arizona region demonstrates how widespread the northern influence 

 was at that particular period. 



