124 KEPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



of fish. Ill deep bays nets are set during winter, towards wbicli tlie fish 

 are driven by poles. Under the ice roach are caught in traps and are 

 then used as bait for pike, which kind of fish is even cauglit under the 

 ice with hooked poles or hooks and lines. By using the methods of fish- 

 ing mentioned above, at the different seasons, a thrifty and energetic 

 fisherman may derive a good income from his fishing- water all the year 

 round. 



II. 

 THE FISHERIES IN THE OPEX BALTIC. 



O. THE HEREING-FISHERT. 



The different linds of herring vhich are found in the trade and on the 

 coast of Sweden. — It is well known that in the sea which surrounds the 

 Scandinavian i)enlnsula there are found different kinds of herring, vary- 

 ing in size and fatness, whicli on certain portions of the coast are 

 caught, and prepared in different ways reach the great markets under 

 different names. Nearly all over Sweden the following kiuds are found 

 in the trade i Norwegian herring, graben herring, Jodd herring, fat her- 

 ring, Gottenburg or Bohusliin herring, Kulla herring, Bleking herring, 

 small herring, anchovies, skarp herring, spiced herring, &cif All these 

 different kinds are i)repared from only two kinds of herrings, viz, the 

 herring proper {Chrpea harenr/ns, L.) — in the Baltic called "stromming" — 

 and the sprat {Clupea sjrrattvs, L.), of which the former both in nature 

 and in trade occurs in far greater numbers than the latter, which is only 

 caught and prepared to a comparatively small extent, mostly as ancho- 

 vies. As tbe " stroraming" is nothing else but a variety of the herring 

 proper, as I intend to show later, the term "herring" used in this treatise 

 is understood to mean both the herring of our western coast and the 

 '^stiomming." The sprat can easily be distiuguished from the herring 

 proper by its smaller head and by the circumstance that its ventral fins 

 are nearer the head than with the herring proper. The sprat, moreover, 

 on its lower side ends in a sharp edge somewhat resembling a saw, which 

 is not the case with the herring. 



The herring, which on certain coasts forms a rich source of income, 

 has its proper home in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, but is also 

 found in the seas connected with the above, the Kattegat and the Baltic. 

 Like other fish the herring has also in course of time undergone certain 

 changes regarding size, fatness, &c., according to the different seas or 

 fiords where nature has placed it. These changes have chiefly been 

 caused by a difference of food not only in the Atlantic Ocean, the Kat- 

 tegat, and the Baltic, but even in different portions of the Western Sea 

 and the Baltic. We therefore find that every portion of the sea and 

 even certain bays have, so to say, their own race of herrings, which cer- 

 tainly are not a different species from those found on other neighboring 

 coasts, but which, nevertheless, can easily be distinguished as a different 



