288 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



Month. 



1869. 



January 



February 



March. 



April 



May 



June 



July 



August 



Septemher 



October 



Kovember 



December 



Tear 



Sonderburg. 



Atmos- 

 phere. 



34.82 

 40.60 

 35. 31 



48.87 

 51. 26 

 54.90 

 03.10 

 58. 90 

 57. 3G 

 46.74 

 38.64 

 35.17 



Surface Ten fath- 

 ot water. oms. 



47.23 



34.9 

 38.7 

 37.4 

 44.4 

 51.8 

 53.4 

 59.7 

 51.6 

 59.4 

 52.2 

 42.3 

 41.4 



48.2 



34.9 

 38.3 

 36.7 

 40.8 

 47.5 

 48.0 

 55.2 

 60.3 

 58.3 

 51.8 

 42.8 

 40.3 



KieL 



Atmos- 

 phere. 



34.19 



40.54 

 35.47 

 48.44 

 51. 92 

 54.90 

 62.74 

 59.10 

 56.34 

 46.90 

 39.00 

 35.60 



Surface Five ! Ten fath.- 

 of water. ' fathoms. [ oms. 



36.7 

 38.7 

 37.8 

 48.2 

 53.6 

 57.2 

 65.7 

 63.3 

 60.3 

 53.6 

 46.6 



36.9 

 39.9 

 39.0 

 44.4 

 39.3 

 56.1 

 61.7 

 63.0 

 59.4 

 54.9 

 47.5 

 43.2 



39.9 

 40.3 

 41.0 

 42.1 

 43.2 

 41.4 

 42.1 

 43.5 

 44.8 

 48.6 

 48.9 

 43.7 



46.2 



46. 92 



49.7 



43.2 



The correspondence of the temperature of the surface-water with that 

 of the atmosphere is evident at a glance. In Sonderburg, however, the 

 periodicity can be traced to a depth of 10 fathoms, while in Kiel a marked 

 decrease is noticeable at a depth of 5 fathoms, and at 10 fathoms a .shift- 

 ing of the seasons and a great diminishing of the extremes. The wider 

 distribution of heat at Sonderburg is produced by the strong current of 

 the Alsensund, mingling different strata, while at a depth of IG fathoms 

 at Kiel, motion is produced only by the inflow of heavy currents, or by 

 strong winds. 



The temperature of the surface-waters is greater than that of the at- 

 mosphere ; for the temperature of the latter is taken in the shade, while 

 the surface-waters are greatly influenced by solar radiation. As it is 

 hardly possible to recognize the Jaw of the changes in temperature in 

 one year, the following average values of six years of observation in Kiel 

 will give a clearer expression of the retardation of the heating influence 

 of the season : 



Kiel, average of six years. {Degrees Fahrenheit.) 



The annual period here enters regirlarly into the greatest depth. In 

 the air and on the surface July is the warmest month ; at 5 fathoms the 

 heat of August predominates, while at IG fathoms October is the warm- 

 est and March the coldest month. The variations of the average values 



