PROPAGATION AND GROWTH OF HERRING. 651 



reacli a length of 25 millimeters in one month, 50 millimeters in about 

 three months, and 100 millimeters in one year.*^ 



Professor M'dnter, who has observed the life of the herring on the coast 

 of Pommerania, thinks that young herrings caught on that coast measur- 

 ing 5G.7 millimeters were two to three months old.^^ The data furnished 

 by Professor Kroyer regarding the growth of the young herrings on the 

 Danish coasts agree entLrely with Ehstroin's observations from the coast of 

 Sodermanland,^' Professor Nilsson says that the young of the autumn- 

 spawning herring reach a length of 75 millimeters in May, but that near 

 the mouth of the Laga Eiver young fish are found at the same season 

 which were larger and were, therefore, jiresumably a year older, ^^ and 

 that on the coast of Bohusliin, according to assurances given by the 

 fishermen, the herrings have reached a length of 25 millimeters towards 

 the end of May, 50 millimeters in August (about the middle of the month), 

 and next autumn, when the herrings are one and a half years old, 75 to 

 100 millimeters ; ^^ which observation has later been somewhat modified, 

 the young herring reaching a length of 75 millimeters during the first 

 summer, and those small herrings which measured about 100 millimeters 

 being called "last year's young ones.^^ 



Young herring begin to appear on the coast of Bohusliin already in 

 the beginning of May, and with the increasing warmth grow quite 

 rapidly, measuring G5 to 90 millimeters^^ from the point of the lower jaw 

 to the root of the tail (a total length, therefore, of 80 to 110 millimeters). 



*6i)ie Fischeiri den Scheeren von Miirko, p. 221-222. 



67 Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, XXIX, p. 303. 



^Danmarks Fiske, III, p. 170-171. 



69 Handlingar rorande silljisket, p. 59. — Professor NiLSSON seems to have forgotten the 

 8priDg-sj)awning race of herrings {Clupea viajalis, Nilss.), whoso occurrence in this 

 region cannot have been unknown to him. 



The observations of the German Fishery Commission on the young of the autumn- 

 spawning herring in the western part of the Baltic seem to prove that those fish which 

 are hatched in autumn reach the same or perhaps even a greater length in one year's 

 time than those fish which are hatched in spring. {Jahreshericlit, IV-VI, p. 248.) 



^Handlingar rorande silljisket, p. 45. 



61 Handlingar rorande silljisket, j). 130. 



See, also, EkstrOm, "Praktisk afhandling," p. 10, where he says that "in Novem- 

 ber or December the young fish, then nearly a year old, have reached a length of 

 75-100 miUimeters." 



6* During the latter part of November, 1873, I measured a great many young her- 

 ring, which had about that time been caught on our northern coast, and found that 

 the total length of one-year-old fish varied from 78 to 109.5 millimeters. Very numer- 

 ous and accurate measurements of young herrings, made in the bay of Kiel by the Ger- 

 man Fishery Commission, from November 14, 1876, to May, 1877, gave the following 

 minimum of total length, viz : November 14, 84 millimeters ; end of November, 90 milli- 

 meters; end of December, 100 millimeters; end of January, 110 millimeters; of Feb- 

 ruary, 114 millimeters; of March, 135 millimeters; andof April, 138 millimeters. (Jah- 

 resiericht, IV-VI, p. 245.) 



Young herring having a total length of 85 to 95 millimeters are, by A. W. MAX.M, 

 considered to be almost two years old. (Goteborgs och Bohuslans fauna [vertebrates], 

 Goteborg, 1877, p. 581.) 



