XXXI.-MR. CHRISTIAN WAGNER'S ESTABLISHMENT FOR RAIS- 

 ING GOLDFISH, AT OLDENBURG, GERMANY.* 



The two most important establishments for raising goldfish in Ger- 

 many and Austria are the one belonging to Baron Max de Washington, 

 of Poels, near Wildon, Styria, and the one belonging to Mr. Christian 

 Wagner, of Oldenburg, of which we intend to give a brief description. 



As the method followed in Oldenburg cannot be understood without 

 some knowledge of the location of the establishment, we must mention 

 that its 120 ponds are all close together, and with their dikes, &c., cover 

 about 12 acres of bog-land near the river Huute. The water, however, 

 does not come direct from this river, but j^artly from an artificial stream 

 or canal which on two sides forms the boundary of the establishment, 

 partly from a neighboring factory, and from the ponds themselve. As 

 glance at the accompanying diagram will best show what may be called 

 the veins, arteries, and other vital organs of the establishment. 



We intend first to show the manner in which the three channels which 

 supply the water are used. The water which comes from the artificial 

 stream G is, by means of the injector F, pumped into the open channel a, 

 and after it has flowed through some or all of the ponds to the right and 

 left it goes through wooden pipes into the ejecting-canals c, on each 

 side, and eventually returns to the stream by way of the main ejecting- 

 canal h. 



In order to furnish the necessary insect life to the water which has thus 

 circulated through a i:)ortion of the establishment, it is led by a very 

 circuitous route before it again reaches the injector, and mingles freely 

 with the main stream of the river, which is fed by the drains from the 

 neighboring meadow-lands. 



The water from the factory (which recently has proved very injurious) 

 is collected in the reservoir E, and from there flows through subterra- 

 nean i^ipes (indicated by dotted lines) into the channel a, which feeds the 

 hatching-ponds B, and then goes into the flat " coloring-pond" D. After 

 having mingled with the spring- water of these ponds it leaves the estab- 

 lishment, either through pipes laid in the dike of the pond, marked D, 

 or through the main ejecting-canal h. Its temperature (sometimes as 

 high as 100° Fahrenheit) cannot be regulated by Mr. Wagner as well 

 as that of the water which is pumped in, and which, during the warm 

 season, is sometimes raised to a temx)erature of 123° by means of the 

 steam from a 10-horse-power engine. 



^ "Die GoldJischzUchterei von Christian Wagner zu Ohleniury." [From "Dcutsclie 

 Fischerei-ZeituBg," second year, No. 29, Stettin, Jiily22, 1879.] Translated by Her- 

 man Jacobson. 



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