FISHERIES OF SACRAMENTO AND COLUMBIA RIVERS. 805 



Answer. Males and females come in together. Possibly the males 

 somewhat precede. The, spawn in the females is very backward when 

 the first rnn enters the river; when the latter rnns enter the river, it is 

 well developed. 



Question. Will either sex, or both, take the hook on first arriving; 

 and if so, is there any period of the stay of lish when they refuse it f 



Answer. Both sexes will take the hook when first arriving from the 

 sea, and continue to till they enter fresh water. After this they refuse 

 the hook till they reach the upper tributaries of the river, when they 

 take the hook again quite eagerly. 



Question. If they refuse the hook at first, how soon do they begin to 

 take it after arriving ? 



Answer. See answer to the previous question. 



Question. Do the schools of fish swim high or low; and is their 

 arrival known otherwise than by their capture ; that is, do they make a 

 ripple on the water ; do they attract birds, &c. ? 



Answer. They sometimes swim high and sometimes low. Their ar- 

 rival is not marked by any signs above the surface of the water, except 

 when they arrive at the upper waters, when they make their presence 

 known by their incessant jumping. 



Question. What is the relation of their movements to the ebb and 

 flow of the tide ? 



Ans^ver. In tide-waters the salmon are always found heading toward 

 the tide ; that is, up-stream with an ebbtide, and down-stream with a 

 flood-tide. 



Question. Does spawn ever run out of these fish taken with a hook 1 



Answer. Yes. 



Question. Answer same question in regard to fish taken in nets or 

 pounds ; is the spawn ever seen in any quantity floating about inside of 

 nets? 



Answer. Salmon are often taken at the spawning-season in nets, and 

 otherwise, with the spawn flowing from them. 



Question. Are these fish anadromous; that is, do they run up from 

 the sea into fresh water for any, and for what, purpose ? 



Answer. Certainly. They come up to deposit their spawn. 



Question. If anadromous, when are they first seen off the coast ; when 

 do they enter the mouths of the rivers, and what is the rate of progres- 

 sion up-stream ? 



Answer. Thej" are first seen off the coast immediately previous to en- 

 tering the mouth of the river. They are usually from one to three weeks 

 passing from the mouth of the river to Clifton, about 20 miles. They 

 first appear at the Dalles in the middle of April, about two months after 

 their first appearance at the mouth of the Columbia. They appear in 

 great quantities at the Dalles about the middle of June, or two months 

 after they appear in large numbers at the bar. The falls of the Dalles 

 are 200 miles up the river, which would indicate that their rate of pro- 



