FISHERIES OF SACRAMENTO AND COLUMBIA RIVERS. 807 



Table of daily temperatures of tlie tvater of the Columbia Elver at CVfton, Oreg., Sun- 

 days excepted. 



Date. 



1875. 

 May 10. 

 11 

 12 

 13 

 14 

 15 

 17 

 18, 

 19 



ao, 



21 



22 



24 



25 



26 



27 



28, 



29 



31 



June 1 



2 



3 



4 



5 



7 



a 



9 

 10 



51 



50J 



50 



51 



52 



52 



53 



54 



53i 



54 



54 



54 



54 



54 



54 



54 i 



54i 



54i 



55 



55 



55 



55 



55t 



554 



56 



56i 



57 



58 



5U 



51 



.50J 



52 



52 



524 



54 



54 



54 



54J 



544 



.'>44 



55 



55i 



552- 



554 



56 



56 



56 



56 



.56 



56 



56i 



56i 



57 



574 



5S 



59 



Date. 



1875. 



JunoU 



12, 



14 



15. 



16 



17 



18, 



19. 



21 



22 



23 



24 



25 



26 



28, 



29 



30 



July 1 



2 



3 



5 



6 



7 



8 



9 



10 



12 



13 



5J4 



58^ 



59 



59i 



59^ 



59 



59 



59 



58A 



58' 



58 



58 



58 



58 



59 



60 



60 



60 



604 



60J 



62 



63 



64 



64 



65 



6.-.i 



60' 



66 



60 



60 



60 



60* 



61" 



61 



GO 



60 



5i)i 



59 



59 



58^ 



59 



594 



60 



60J 



604 



61 



61J 



60i 



63 



64J 



65 



65 



66 



67 



67 



67 



Date. 



1875. 



July 14. 



15. 



16. 



17. 



19. 



20. 



21. 



22. 



23. 



24 



26 



27, 



28, 



29, 



30 



31 



Aug. 2 



3 



4 



5 



6 



7 



9 



10 



II 



12 



13 



14 



66 



66 



66 



66 



67 



67i 



6H 



68 



68 



68 



68 



67 



67 



66 



66 



65i 



65 



65 



66 



67 



66 



65 



66 



67 



67 



68 



67 



67 



67i 



68 



68i 



69 



69 



68 



68 



69 



70 



7^ 



69 



68 



68 



67J 



67 



66 



67 



66 



67 



68 



67 



67J 



67 



69 



69^ 



70 



The headwaters are, of course, much colder in the summer mouths. 

 All parts of the river seem to suit the salmon, from which it may be 

 inferred that all the temperatures of the table, together with the colder 

 ones of the tributaries, are satisfactory to the Salmo guinnat. 



6. — Relationships. 



Question. Do these fish go in schools after they have done spawn* 

 ing, or throughout the year, or are they scattered and solitary ? 



Answer. They do not go in proper schools as mackerel and other sea 

 fish do. I think each salmon makes its progress on its own individutA 

 account; but such vast numbers ascend the river at a time that they 

 appear to move in schools. 



Question. Have they any special friends or enemies? 



Answer. Seals, sea-lions, otters, eagles, and ospreys are their special 

 enemies. They have no friends that are of any good to them, that I am 

 aware of. I should, however, except the Oregon legislature, which has 

 at last provided a close-time for salmon, which example the Washington 

 Territory assembly ought to follow as soon as possible. 



Question. To what extent do they prey on other fish ; and ou what 

 species ? 



Answer. The salmon devour great quantities of smelts and other 

 smaller fish, when In salt water ; but in fresh water they do not eat any- 

 thing. Out of 98,000 salmon examined at the cannery of J. W. Cook 

 & Co., at Clifton, Oreg., in 1875, only three had food in their stomachs, 



