FISHERIES OF SACRAMENTO AND COLURIBIA RIVERS. 815 



C— OTHER VARIETIES OF SALMON. 



The number of varieties of the Salmonidce which one hears of on the 

 Columbia River beside the Sahno quinnat is extremely confusing, so in 

 speaking of others of the salmon famil}' I will confine myself to the few 

 varieties that I was able to identify. They are as follows : 



1. Salmo truncatus, Suckley. 



2. Salmo proteus, Pallas. 



3. Salmo Gairdnerl, Richardson. 



4. Fario stellatns, Girard. 



5. Columhia River Smelts. 



G. Salmo spectabiUs, Girard. 



1. — *Salmo TRUNCATUS, Suckley. 



Syn. — Common names : Straits of Fuca, Short-tailed Salmon ; Puget Sound, Square- 

 tailed Salmon; Cowlitz River, Salmon-trout ; Willamette River, Winter Salmon. 



Indian names : Klallam Indians, Klutchin ; Nisqually Indians, Skwowl ; Willamette 

 River Indians, Hwanig. 



The specific characters given by Dr. Suckley, on p. 327, of vol. xii, 

 part ii, of Pacific Railroad Reports, are as follows : 



"iSp. Gh. — Body fusiform ; dorsal profile moderately arched ; ante- 

 rior margin of dorsal fin mucb anterior to a point equidistant between 

 the nose and the insertion of the tail ; head small, jaws fully provided 

 with small teeth ; tail small, its free margin, when extended, being 

 almost straight, having a very faint tendency to lunation; scales gener- 

 ally large. Colors of the fresh-run fish, back of head, back, dorsal, and 

 caudal fins, bright blue, spotted on the head with roundish, on the fins with 

 oval spots of black; the blue of the back is silvery, that of the head and 

 fins darker; the lower parts silvery-white, this color extending about an 

 inch above the lateral line, and merging itself irregularly into the color 

 of the back ; no spots below the lateral line, which is faint and of a 

 bluish-dusky color; lower fins pale and unspotted, their tips somewhat 

 darkish." 



This fish is identified without question. It is caught in large quanti- 

 ties in the Willamette River, just below the falls at Oregon, which are 

 very difQcult to pass. They arrive at Oregon City as soon as the water 

 rises, about Christmas, at which time they are prime, and are both very 

 fat and of very fine quality. The more water there is in the river in the 

 winter the more the salmon come up. When the water becomes very 

 cold they fall back. A rain brings them up again. They are most 

 abundant in April, when they make great exertions to get over the falls 

 to deposit their spawn. They are caught then in great numbers, both in 

 scoop-nets and set-nets. The set-nets have a mesh of 7 inches. They are 

 of different lengths, depending upon the opportunity the current affords 



* See Nos. 452 and 454 of the writer's natural-history collection for the Smithsonian 

 Institution. 



