220 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



buiidles of longitudinal muscles with a large number of transverse 

 ones, the whole encased in a muscular integument. 



The retractor pedis anterior muscle is not very long or bifurcated, 

 and on reaching the proximal portion of the foot its fibres run chiefly 

 posteriorly and internally to the longitudinal muscles. 



The retractor pedis posterior muscle is very long, and the distal ends 

 of the bifurcated portions rest on the antero-dorsal surface of the 

 posterior adductor muscle. 



The protractor pedis muscles are very short, and lie close to the 

 retractor pedis anterior muscles. 



There is some slight indication of the presence of weakly developed 

 elevator pedis muscles. 



Alimentary Canal. — The wide mouth (Figs. 2 and 3, M.) points 

 anteriorly with the lips (Figs. 2 and 3, A.L. and P.L.), projecting 

 forwards. The oesophagus (Figs. 2 and 3, Oe.) is very short, and 

 quickly opens into the stomach. The stomach is comparatively large, 

 the posterior being larger than the anterior portion. The division of 

 it into distinct parts is well defined on the left side, but on the right 

 side is only traceable with difficulty. On the left side, the oesophageal 

 division (Fig. 2, Oe.St.) is small, and separated from the central 

 (Fig. 2, CD.) and cardiac (Fig. 2, C.St.) divisions by muscular ridges. 

 Posterior to the oesophageal division lies the central division, and above 

 the central division is the cardiac division, the latter being very small. 

 The dorsal ridge of the central division is developed into a muscular 

 papilla, the continuation of it extending nearly across the stomach 

 (Figs. 2 and 3, M.P.). From the dorsal side of the papilla runs 

 another muscular ridge separating the cardiac from the posterior 

 division. The pyloric division (Figs. 2 and 3, P.St.) occupies the 

 remaining, and larger, portion of the stomach. Where the csecum of 

 the crystalline style (Figs. 1, 2, and 3, C.C.) leaves the pyloric 

 division on its ventral side it is very large, but soon tapers to 

 a diminished size, and then passes with a curve to the dorsal part of 

 the pedal cavity about the centre of the foot. At the junction of the 

 caecum of the crystalline style and the stomach is a raised muscular 

 ridge. The crystalline style itself extends all along the csecum and 

 the centre of the stomach to the anterior part. The intestinal wall 

 (Fig. 3, In.) is fused with that of the caecum of the crystalline style, 

 and appears as a groove on the right side of the latter, but near the 

 distid end of the caecum is quite entire (Fig. 1, In.). The intestine 

 afterwards returns along the right lateral side of the caecum for some 

 distance, when, becoming free, proceeds with a curve to the posterior 

 side of the pyloric division, where it forms a large number of folds, 

 and, bending posteriorly, passes over the posterior adductor muscle 

 into the exhalent siphonal chamber (Fig. 1, A.). The liver (Fig. 1, Z.) 

 covers the stomach with the exception of the dorsal surface at the 

 anterior end. 



Nervous System. — The cerebro -pleural ganglia are situated on each 

 side, a little anterior to the mouth, and are connected by a commissure 

 passing in front of it. 



The viscero-parietal ganglia are situated underneath the bifurcated 



