FILSBKY : ON THE ANATOMY OF BEDDOHKA. 101 



In the long flagellum, Beddomea is more like the larger, amphidrome 

 species of Amphidromus than the smaller, invariably sinistral species, 

 which, so far as known, have this organ much shorter. 



The further affinities of Beddomea may then be considered in 

 connection with those of Amphidromus proper. 



Thanks to Semper, Jacobi, and Wiegmann, we have sufficient 

 data to demonstrate beyond controversy the family relationships of 

 Amphidromus, although up to the present time no adequate use 

 has been made of them. Wiegmann has given a summary of the 

 structure of the genus, 1 showing, although he does not make the 

 comparison: (1) that it has the tripartite structure of male genitalia 

 (penis, epiphallus, and flagellum) of the epiphallogonous Helices (such 

 as Camcena, Chloritis, etc.), and also female organs of the same helicoid 

 type : (2) that the external anatomy, nervous system, and retractor- 

 muscle system are similar to those of the Helices : (3) that the kidney 

 is long, narrow, and band-like, four to seven times the length of the 

 pericardium : (4) that the jaw is between the aulacognath and weakly 

 odontognath types, just as in the arboreal Papuina species. 



In my " Guide to the Study of Helices," 2 I have set forth the 

 characteristics of the genitalia of epiphallogonous Helices, and need 

 only mention here that Amphidromus agrees completely with my 

 group Epiphallogona or Camcenince in its reproductive organs. It agrees 

 with no known group of 'Eulimi' or Bulimulidse. 



"With regard to the pallia! organs, some further statement is necessary. 

 A large mass of data and drawings, still unpublished, shows that these 

 organs supply facts for phylogenetic research not less in importance 

 than those derived from the genitalia. While the Uelicinee (Belogona) 

 have a short, tongue-shaped or sub-triangular kidney, the Epiphallo- 

 gona {Cameenince) have the kidney long and narrow, ribbon - like, 

 exactly as in Amphidromus, and the general pattern of lung reticulation 

 is also the same. 3 All known 'Bulimi' aud Bulimulidse, including 

 Orthalicinee, have a short, triangular, or tongue-shaped kidney. 



1 " Landmollusken (Stylommatophoren) : Zootomischer Teil " : Abhandl. Senck. 

 naturf. Ges., xxiv (1898), Heft 3, pp. 514-519. A splendid contribution to 

 our knowledge of snail anatomy. 



- Manual of Conchology, ser. u, vol. ix. 



3 It may be worth while to give briefly some data supporting this statement. In 

 Munispira the narrow kidney is at least two-thirds the length of the lung, and 

 exceeds the pericardium from about four to six times in length (Wiegmann, i.e., 

 p. 489). In Albersia (pubicepa) the kidney is narrow, and more than four times 

 the leugth of the pericardium (Wiegmann, t.c). Papuina vitrca has a kidney 

 about five times the length of the pericardium (Wiegmann, t.c, p. 510). 

 Thersites MitehellcB has a long narrow kidney (length 36, width in the middle 

 5 mm.) four times the length of the pericardium, which measures 9 mm. loDg. 

 In Gamtena (Cameenella) platyodon the kidney is also long and band-like, nearly 

 four times the length of the pericardium, and two-thirds that of the lung. 

 Ganesella has an extremely long and narrow kidney, varying in different species 

 from five to ten times the length of the pericardium (Jacobi, "Jap. beschalte 

 Pulmonaten " : Journ. Coll. Sci. Japan, vol. xii, pt. 1). In Pleurodonta 

 (Caracolus) rostrata the kidney is between five aud six times the length of the 

 pericardium, is very narrow, aud tapers anteriorly. 



