3866 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
not meet in any other river of this region, and since the lower course 
of the stream is through drift, this sand must come from the middle or 
upper course. Great quantities of sand are brought down and passed 
into the Red River of the North, from which stream it is dredged up 
and used for building purposes. The water of Red Lake River is much 
clearer and cooler than that of the Red River of the North. The water 
supply of the cities of Grand Forks, N. Dak., and Crookston, Minn., 
come from this stream, and water taken from the hydrants of these 
cities is clear and apparently of good quality. 
The river was seined 2 miles from its mouth. At this point it aver- 
ages only about 4 feet in depth, but with a current of 44 to 5 miles per 
hour. The bed of the stream here is of hard bowlder clay, and is kept | 
swept clean by the force of the current. The water was so swift that the 
seine was handled with difficulty. The bed of the stream was almost 
clear of bowlders, but offered a number of other obstructions in the’ 
way of snags, logs, and brush. | 
The fishes most common were gold-eyes (Hiodon tergisus), channel cat | 
(Ictalurus punctatus), suckers (Moxostoma macrolepidotum duquesnit), 
and pickerel (Lucius lucius). A few clam shells were observed and a 
few crawfish taken, but animal life was by no means abundant, and no 
plants were observed growing in the water. The low banks of the river 
were covered with elm, basswood, cottonwood, and box-elder. 
Crookston, Minn., August 20.—Crookston is about 18 miles from the 
mouth of Red Lake River, and is located at a place where the ground 
commences to rise toward the east. The river is dammed at this place, 
and hence this is an excellent point for making collections. It was. 
fished below the dam, where it is possibly 75 or 85 feet wide, with a 
depth of from 4 to 10 feet. The current is very rapid, but the bed is 
smooth and the shore on the north side low and hence convenient for 
landing the seine. In the deepest places the bed is of smooth, hard 
clay or rock. This is the best point found for collecting. Suckers and 
gold-eyes were taken in large numbers, while pickerel and pike perch 
were also common. Catfish and ling were abundant, but only small 
specimens of the latter were taken. 
Tongue River, Bathgate, N. Dak., August 15.—This is a small south- 
ern tributary of the Pembina River, rising in a low drift elevation 
that borders a section of the Red River of the North on the west. It 
is about 50 miles long; at the place examined, 10 miles from its mouth, 
it was 25 feet wide and 2 or 3 feet deep. The water was very sluggish 
and full of lower-life forms of both animals and plants. The bed of the 
stream is of mud (with a few inches of fine white sand in places) and 
gives rise to a great quantity of pond vegetation. Chara, pondweeds, 
etc., grew so abundantly that it was difficult wading and almost impos- 
sible to drag the bottom of the stream with a seine. Pickerel and 
suckers were about the only common species of fish. 
Pembina River, Neche, N. Dak., August 16.—This is one of the large 
