} ICHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 401 
mouth of the small stream which flows into Captain’s Harbor. Both pools and 
_ shallows seemed full of them, and large numbers were dying within a few hundred 
_ yards of the beach. The spawning season appeared to begin early in August. 
20. Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum). Chinook Salmon; Quinnat Salmon; 
King Salmon. 
While coaling at Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, May 10-13, young individuals 
of this species were seen feeding on the herring (Clupea pallasi), and a number were 
taken on the trolling line. They were present in company with O. nerka. The latter 
could always be distinguished on the table by its much redder and drier flesh, and 
will not, as a food-fish, bear comparison with O. tschawytscha of the same size. At 
Unalaska, May 24-27, the run had hardly begun, though a few individuals were 
seen. A small pond near the stream which flows into the head of Captain’s Harbor 
was full of young salmon of this species, from 2 to 5 inches long, which took the fly 
greedily. June 3, at the mouth of the Nushagak River, Bristol Bay, an occasional 
individual was taken. A small run had come into the river a short time before our 
visit. On June 16 the ‘king salmon” were running abundantly at Unalaska, but 
they were not seen on later visits at this point or at Port Méller. It is worthy of 
note that their period of greatest abundance coincided in time with that of the 
herring, and their approach to the coast may be determined by the movements of the 
latter. Their annual appearance in large numbers in Monterey Bay, California, 
seems to be dependent on the run of anchovies (Engraulis mordaz). 
21. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum). Silver Salmon. 
A few individuals of this species were taken at Unalaska May 24-27. It was, as 
a food-fish, inferior to O. nerka and O. tschawytscha. Two young specimens were 
seined at Unalaska June 16, the smaller of which, 190 mm. long, shows very con- 
spicuous parr-marks, These have disappeared in the larger specimen, 225 mm. long, 
which has also assumed more the proportions and appearance of the adult. In this 
specimen the spots are more distinct than in the adults, being large, well defined, 
and close-set on head, back, and dorsal fin, and the caudal fin is very indistinctly 
marked, the faint spots being confined to the outer ray of both lobes. It is a male, 
with the testes so well developed as to make it very probable that it would have 
sought the spawning-grounds within a few months. Three smaller specimens were 
taken in Herendeen Bay July 5. The smallest of these is 145 mm., the largest 185 
mm.long. The distal half of the dorsal fin is black, with the exception of the last 
_two rays, which are entirely white. 
22. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum). Blueback Salmon; Red Salmon. 
This species appeared constantly associated with the king salmon. It was taken 
by trolling in Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, May 10 to 13, was seined in small 
numbers at Unalaska May 24 to 27, and was abundant at Unalaska June 16. It 
had not begun to run at Nushagak June 3, but the young with parr-marks still 
evident, ranging in size from 95 to 115 mm., were very abundant. The young 
were doubtless at that time descending the rivers to the sea, and were probably 
about 20 months old. On July 5 young specimens averaging slightly larger than 
the above were taken in salt water at Herendeen Bay, Alaskan Peninsula. These 
range from 120 to 130 mm. in total length; the color is deeper and less silvery than in 
the Nushagak specimens, and the parr-marks have almost wholly disappeared. The 
stomachs are full of copepod crustacea, apparently all of one species. The differ- 
ence in size between the specimens from Herendeen Bay and those from Nushagak 
may indicate the average amount of growth of the former since reaching salt water. 
The specimens from Nushagak contained in their stomachs remains of insects and 
of marine crustacea. They had probably been playing back and forth on the tides. 
The young of O. nerka are the most slender of all the salmon. They are wholly 
without spots or freckles on body or fins. The dorsal and anal fins are without pro- 
F. R. 93 26 
