464 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
6. Raja rhina Jordan & Gilbert. 
In two young males, 154 and 225 mm. long, the spines are well developed and 
exactly correspond. In each there are three spines on the orbital rim, one at the 
upper and one at the lower anterior angle of the eye and one at its upper posterior 
angle; a very large one on median line behind occiput, and a strong median series 
on tail, beginning opposite posterior base of ventral fin. This is the invariable 
arrangement in the young, but is modified later on by the disappearance of some of 
the original spines and the development of others. Thus, in a specimen 450 mm. long 
the lower preorbital spine has nearly disappeared, and the others are evident, but 
accompanied by additional spines which have been interposed. As in younger speci- 
mens, there is a single postoccipital spine and no mid-dorsal series, but some of the 
original spines on middle of tail have apparently been lost and replaced by others, 
as the lining and spacing is now irregular. The taxonomic value of these first spines 
appears from the fact that they exactly correspond in the young of a number of 
related species, and from the further fact that their rudiments are found occupying 
definite positions during the later larval stages, some of which are described above 
in the nearly related R. inornata. The same arrangement is found also in the young 
of R. binoculata. The first prickles to appear are those on under side of snout, where 
they form a sparse band or a single definite series along the edge and an elongate 
median patch in front. 
In two young males, 154 and 225 mm. long, the claspers measured from inner base 
respectively 7 and 10 mm., in both cases overpassed by the ventrals. 
Stations 3147, 3163, 3193, 3197, and 3208, in 56 to 203 fathoms. 
7. Raja binoculata Girard. 
The young can be at once distinguished by the very conspicuous ocellated spots. 
In a specimen 190 mm. long the black center, the wide, yellowish ring, and the outer 
black ring are very strongly marked. These spots are only faintly indicated in the 
young of related species. The spines are, as usual at this stage, just appearing from 
beneath the epidermis. Caudal spines 15 or 16 in number. 
Family ALEPOCBPHALIDZ. 
8. Alepocephalus tenebrosus Gilbert. 
One specimen each from stations 3104 and 3186, in 391 and 328 fathoms. Differing 
from original description as follows: The distance of ventrals from head equals length 
of head behind front of pupil. Interorbital space gently convex. Base of anal fin 
slightly exceeding that of dorsal. 
Family CLUPEHIDA. The Herrings. 
9. Clupanodon ceruleus (Girard). California Sardine. 
Station 3167; depth 33 fathoms. 
10. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Common Shad. 
Three specimens of this introduced food-fish were taken in Drake Bay. Each is 
about 150 mm. long. 
Family ENGRAULIDIDA. The Anchovies. 
11. Engraulis mordax Girard. California Anchovy. 
Stations 3099, 3154, 3167, and 3182; depths 11 to 33 fathoms. 
Family MYCTOPHID@. The Lantern Fishes. 
12. Nannobrachium leucopsarum Eigenmann & Eigenmann. 
Stations 3112, 3126, 3127, 3128, 3198, 3199, 3200, and 3201; depths 233 to 627 fathoms. 
