1911-12.] BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 31 



var." (19). Some of these Herr Klikenthal cites under 

 ' : C. canescensxstelhdata — C. biJtarica, Simonk.''; 1 others 

 as " C. tetrastachya, Traun.,' 2 superwmescens, Kiikl." 



I have specimens gathered on Ben Lawers (19/8/1886) 

 by Messrs. H. and J. Groves which seem to be referable 

 to helvola, at that date of course under "G. cwrta v. 

 al/picola" 



I have seen specimens also from Forfar (Edinb. Herb.). 

 and Mr. X. E. Brown wrote (30 3 1886) that he believed 

 there is a specimen from Ben Muic Dhui in the Kew 

 Herbarium, but had not dissected it ; and the late Mr. 

 Beeby wrote: '"'I seem to have Garex helvola from Glas 

 Mheil. leg. Duthie. 1874." This is in Forfar, but on the 

 confines of Forfar. Aberdeen, and Perth, alt. 3502 feet. 

 C. Lachenalii (Jagopina) occurs in Forfar (Ewing). The 

 fullest account we have of the plant is furnished by Herr 

 Kihlman (6), where he also describes a hybrid between 

 canescens and norvegica, Willd., as C. pseudo-helvola. 



In Europe C. helvola occurs in Finnish and Russian Lap- 

 land north to 69 : 50' N. lat. ; Swedish Lapland: Sweden 

 in Bohuslan. Upland, Sbdermanland, and Vesterbotten . 

 Norway to 71 3' (Norman), 3 and distributed from the 

 Birch to the Willow Belts (4) : Iceland. Asch. and Graeb., 

 " S. Mitt. E. Fl," 1902, p. 64. Greenland (5 and 9). 



I here confine myself to the original helvola, the Tirol, 

 etc., plants being C. tetrastachya, Traun. 



Neuman (11) strangely puts helvola as "canescensx 

 norvegica" yet has a canescensx lagopina, and refers to 

 Hartman 4 (but he does not give helvola as a hybrid, merely 

 saying " habit of the foregoing," i.e. C. microstachya, " Ehrh. 

 Hann. Mag.," 1784, p. 9). Dr. Williams (17) gives other 

 hybrids with canescens in Europe; of these G. pani- 

 culatax, C. paradoxax, C. remotax, and C. dioicax 

 are the only ones that can occur in Britain. 



Mr. Fernald 5 says his G. elachycarpa, figs. 133, 134, "at 

 maturity strongly suggests the little known C. helvola, 

 Blytt, which, however, has very different perigynia." But 



1 -'Enron. FL Trans., ;: 1886, p. 548. 



- Sauter, "Flora,'' 1S50, p. 366. 



3 " Not. snmni. concep Arctic Norway," 1881, p. 500. 



* "Stand. Fl.," 11th ed., 1879, p. 471. 



5 " Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sc., !! 1902, p. 492. 



