132 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [Sess. lxxvii. 



are characterised by Anthoxanthum odoratum, Linn. ; 

 Agrostis alba, Linn. ; and Rumex Acetosella, Linn. Other 

 plants are noticeable here, viz. Cardamine pratensis, Linn. ; 

 Viola Riviniana, Reichb. ; Cerastium glomeratum, Thuill. ; 

 and Gnaphalium uliginosum, Linn. Birch seedlings also 

 occur. 



Plant Associations. 



The plant associations of this disforested land are (1) 

 partly remnants of woodland, and (2) partly newer 

 associations, the origin of which we propose to indicate. 



1. Remnants of Woodland. — Viola Riviniana, 

 Reichb. ; Oxalis Acetosella, Linn. ; Ulex europaeus, Linn. ; 

 Cytisus scoparius, Link ; Rubus idaeus, Linn. ; Potentilla 

 erecta, Hampe ; Galium saxatile, Linn. ; J uncus ejfusus, 

 Linn.; Anthoxanthum odoratum, Linn.; Agrostis alba, 

 Linn. ; Deschampsia caespitosa, Beauv. ; Poa pratensis, 

 Linn. ; Pteris aquilina, Linn. ; Aspidinm Filix-mas, 

 Sw. ; A. spinulosum, Sw. ; with Acer Pseudo-platanus, 

 Linn., Rosa, sp., Crataegus monogyna, Jacq., Sambucus 

 nigra, Linn., Betula tomentosa, Reith et Abel, Alnus 

 glutinosa, Gaertn., Quercus Robur, Linn., Salix caprea, 

 Linn., marginal or at edges of drains. 



Robert Smith (1) in discussing the vegetation of Belstane 

 pine wood makes the following observations regarding some 

 of the above species : — 



Deschampsia caespitosa, Beauv. — Edges of drains (flushes), 

 competing in marshy places with rushes. 



Poa, Holcus, and Agrostis carpet the well-drained parts 

 where the soil is good. 



Galium saxatile, Linn. — Associated with both heather 

 and grasses. 



Rushes occur on the wet clay soils. 



In addition to these species Anthoxanthum odoratum, 

 Linn., is frequent, carpeting the paths in pine woods 

 generally. 



Among the principal sub-associations of the ground 

 vegetation in a pine wood on the Sidlaws, W. G. Smith (2) 

 mentions the following : — 



Cytisus scoparius, Link, and Ulex europaeus, Linn. — 

 Occasional where shade slight. 



