134 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [Sbss. lxxvii. 



viscosus, Linn. ; Cnicus palustris, Willd. ; C. arvensis, 

 Hoffra. ; Salix caprea, Linn. 



(3) Species in which either whole fruit head or fruit is 

 wind distributed. — Cerastium glomeratum, Thuill. ; Vero- 

 nica officinalis, Linn. ; V. Chamaedrys, Linn, (seeds washed 

 out by rain : Kerner) ; Prunella vulgaris, Linn. ; Juncus 

 effusus, Linn. ; J. articulatus, Linn. ; Luzula campestris, 

 DC. ; Carex distans, Linn. 



(4) Seeds ejected by being shaken from capsule by wind. 

 — Lychnis diurna, Sibth. ; L. Flos-cuculi, Linn. 



2. Distributed by Hooked Fruits. — Ranunculus 

 repens, Linn, (see also 3) ; Circaea lutetiana, Linn. ; Sani- 

 cula europaea, Linn. 



3. Off- shoot Distributed (wandering plants). — Ranun- 

 culus repens, Linn, (above-ground runner) (see 2) ; Tri- 

 folium repens, Linn.; Spiraea Ulmaria, Linn, (underground 

 runner); Cardamine pratensis, Linn, (from roots and a bud 

 on lowest leaves). 



Agrostis alba, Linn., Anthoxantlium odoratum, Linn., 

 and Poa pratensis, Linn., also possess runners. 



It may prove interesting for the sake of comparison to 

 mention briefly the flora of other pieces of disforested land: — 



(1) A piece of land in the same area which some five or 

 six years ago supported a pine wood. This land is sur- 

 rounded on all sides by chiefly coniferous woodland. 



Altitude, 200 feet. Soil, dark brown, peaty, with much 

 humus. Water content, 200 per cent. 



Vegetation open. Juncus effusus dominant. 



Other plants. — Cerastium glomeratum, Thuill.; Rubus 

 idaeus, Linn. ; Galium saxatile, Linn. ; Senecio Jacobaea, 

 Linn.; Callwna vulgaris, Hull; birch seedlings; Poly- 

 trichum commune, Linn. ; Ceratodon purpureus, Brid. 



(2) A piece of land north of Kennoway (Fife) which 

 some six or seven years ago supported a pine and spruce 

 wood. It is bounded on two sides by cultivated land, on 

 the north by a coniferous wood, and on the west by a 

 beech wood. 



Altitude, 600 feet. Soil, a brown loam light. Water 

 content, 34 per cent. 



Vegetation closed. Calluna vulgaris dominant. 



Other plants. — Viola Riviniana, Reichb. ; Potentilla 



