226 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [Sess. lxxviii. 



230 feet above sea-level, Berstane, Saint Ola, Mainland, 

 13th September 1913, H. H. Johnston. Native. A new- 

 record for H. C. Watson's county 111 Orkney. 



Chara aspera, Willd., var. subinermis, Kuetz. {fide 

 J. Groves). — Mud at bottom of water 5 feet deep in a loch 

 51 feet above sea-level, Loch of Boardhouse. Birsay, Main- 

 land, 29th September 1913, H. H. Johnston. Native. 

 Very common in the loch. Remark on my specimens by 

 Mr. James Groves: — "On some stems the spine-cells are 

 fairly long and numerous." 



Chara baltica, Bruzel (fide J. Groves). — Mud at bottom 

 of brackish water in a loch at sea-level, Bay of Voy, Loch 

 of Stenness, Sandwick, Mainland, 20th August 1912, H. H. 

 Johnston. Plant slightly foetid. See " Bot. Exch. Club 

 Report," 1912, p. 302. — Also growing in mud at bottom of 

 brackish water in the same Loch of Stenness, near the 

 noust of Nether Bigging, Stenness, Mainland, 4th October 

 1913, H. H. Johnston. Plant foetid. Native at both 

 stations, which are 3| miles apart. This species was first 

 found in Orkney, in the Loch of Stenness, on 13th July 



1900, by the Rev. E. S. Marshall and Mr. W. A. Shoolbred, 

 and in the same loch, on 31st August 1900, by the late Mr. 

 F. C. Crawford. See " Journ. Bot.," vol. xxxix., August 



1901, p. 275 ; and " Transactions of the Botanical Society 

 of Edinburgh," vol. xxii., 1901-1904, p. 13. 



The Pharmacopoeia of the Botanical Physician 

 Eighty Years Ago. By The Hon. William Renwick 

 Riddell, B.Sc, etc. 



(Read 13th November 1913.) 



In early times in Upper Canada there was a dearth of 

 regularly educated physicians. It was not easy for a 

 professional man to make a living by his practice ; except 

 in the towns, patients were few and generally poor. But 

 there was no scarcity of those who undertook to cure the 

 sick. The place of the regular physican was not in- 

 frequently filled by the Herb Doctor, the " Yarb Doctor," 

 as he generally called himself. Most of these came from 



