256 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [Sess. lxxviii 



boggy situations, where the predominating plants are 

 Myrica Gale, Linn. ; Juncus effusus, Linn. ; J. articulatus, 

 Linn. ; Molinia coerulea, Moench ; Narthecium ossifragum, 

 Huds.; Scabiosa Succisa, Linn. ; Parnassia palustris, Linn. ; 

 and Orchis maculata, Linn. 



Hill-Pasture. — Further up, on the drier slopes of the 

 hillsides, are pastures composed chiefly of Potentilla Tor- 

 mentilla, Scop. ; Euphrasia officinalis, Linn. ; Galium 

 saxatile, Linn. ; Agrostis vulgaris, With. ; Festuca ovina, 

 Linn.; Linum catharticum, Linn.; Thymus Serpyllum, 

 Linn. ; Trifolium repens, Linn. ; and Viola palustris, Linn.; 

 while Carum verticillatum, Koch ; Campanula rotundi- 

 folia, Linn.; Poly gala vulgaris, Linn.; and Hieracium 

 species, are also common plants. 



Dry Moor. — The hill-pasture merges, on the one hand, 

 into dry heather moor, where the same plants are associated 

 with Galluna vulgaris, Salisb. ; Erica cinerea, Linn. ; 

 Triodia decumbens, Beau v. ; Nardus stricta, Linn. ; Des- 

 champsia fiexuosa, Trin. ; Festuca ovina, Linn. ; and 

 mosses, including Polytrichum, Amblystegium, and Hyp- 

 num species, while, on the other, it gives way to extensive 

 tracts of Pteridium aquilinum, Kuhn, which overtops 

 and frequently kills out the more low-growing plants. 

 Pteridium aquilinum is said now to occupy larger areas 

 of the moor than it did in the memory of those still living, 

 its extension being attributed to the combined effects of 

 the burning of the heather and the replacing of cattle by 

 sheep-stock on the hills. It seldom reaches a higher 

 altitude than 800 or 900 feet, and diminishes in size and 

 frequency as the higher elevations are reached. 



Two other ferns are seldom absent from the moorland 



associations — Nephrodium Oreopteris, Desv., and Lomaria 



Spicant, Desv., the latter being found in every nook and 



cranny but never in large masses. 



In places where moor and hill-pasture extend to within 



a few hundred yards of the shore, clumps of Ulex europaeus, 



Linn., are interspersed. 



Less characteristic of the moor, but still very frequent, 



are Prunella vulgaris, Linn, ; Bellis perennis, Linn. : 



Lotus corniculatus, Linn. ; Plantago lanceolata, Linn. ; 



Holcus lanatus, Linn. ; Anthoxanthum odoratum, Linn. : 



