264 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [Skss. lxxviii. 



In shady places where the soil is deep and not too dry, 

 one finds abundance of Mercurialis perennis, Linn. ; Scilla 

 nutans, Sm. ; and Lychnis dioica, Linn. 



In poorer soils Luzula sylvatica, Gaud., is all-pervading, 

 while Nephrodium Filix-mas, Rich., N. dilatatum, Desv., 

 and Athyrium Filix-foemina, Bernh., are scarcely ever 

 absent from any part of the woods. Other common plants 

 are Oxalis Acetosella, Linn. ; Prunella vulgaris, Linn. ; 

 Ajuga reptans, Linn. ; Pteridium aquilinum, Kuhn ; 

 Epilobium montanum, Linn. ; and Ranunculus acris, 

 . Linn. 



Somewhat less abundant and more partial in distribu- 

 tion are Primula vulgaris, Huds. ; Geranium Robertianum, 

 Linn. ; Circaea lutet iana, Linn. ; Scrophularia nodosa, 

 Linn. ; Brachy podium sylvaticum, R. et S. ; and Digitalis 

 purpurea, Linn., the last species often appearing in great 

 quantities where woods are cleared. Iris Pseudacorus, 

 Linn., is plentiful in marshy places near sea-level. 



In young plantations, where the trees are not of sufficient 

 size to shade the ground, moorland or meadow plants, 

 according to situation, being freed from the depredations 

 of sheep and rabbits, grow with great luxuriance. As the 

 shade increases, however, most of them gradually die out, 

 and are superseded by typical woodland plants, although 

 some few species, common to both habitats, remain. 



(2) In those portions of the plantations which consist of 

 larch and spruce only, or of pure Scots pine, the denser 

 shade and the thick carpet of coniferous leaves are un- 

 favourable to undergrowth. The occurrence of an open 

 vegetation has thus been induced, consisting of a definite 

 but limited association of plants. These are Oxalis Aceto- 

 sella, Linn. ; Galium saxatile, Linn. ; Nephrodium Filix- 

 mas, Rich.; N. dilatatum, Desv.; Athyrium Filix-foemina, 

 Bernh. ; and mosses, including Mnium hornum, Linn. ; 

 Catharinia undulata, Web. et Mohr ; Plagiothecium un- 

 dulatum, B. et S. ; and Hypnum species. 



(3) The ornamental grounds, which extend along the 

 right bank of the Ardyne Burn for a part of its course, 

 contain a mixture of introduced and native trees, such as 

 beech, sycamore, lime, silver fir, larch, spruce, ash, holly, 

 Scots pine, and rowan. The introduced Rhododendron 



