32 TllANSAGTIONH AND PJIOCKEDINGS OF TH?: [Sess. lxv. 



When a botanist defines bark as everything outside of 

 the cambium, lie does so from a knowledge of the anatomy 

 of the tree. When a forester speaks of the bark as that 

 which lies around the wood, he may be ignorant of the 

 presence of a cambium, but he knows that he can peel the 

 bark from the wood of the tree. 



The true meaning of bark is implied in the old proverb — 



" It were a foly for mee, 

 To put my hande betweene the barke and the tree." (2) 



By tree, in the proverb, is unquestionably meant the wood 

 of the tree. The rough classification of the parts of a tree- 

 trunk into bark, wood, and pith is that of everyday 

 language. 



Nehemiah Grew (o), one of the founders of Vegetable 

 Anatomy, said in 1675: " The Trunk, or Branch of every 

 Tree, hath Three General Parts to be described ; sc. the 

 Barque, the Wood, and the Pith. That likewise of every 

 Herbaceous Plant, hath either the same Three Parts ; or 

 else Three Parts Analogous ; sc. the Cortical, the Lignous, 

 and the Pithy Parts." 



From very early times three words have been used in 

 English to denote the same structure, viz. bark, rind, and 

 cortex. Cortex was taken from the Latin without change, 

 and was used in that tongue to indicate the bark as 

 distinguished from the wood of trees. It was used by 

 English botanists of last generation as a synonym for bark, 

 but it has never been a common word among Teutonic 

 races, although its derivative, cork, has long been familiar. 



" Cortical system " and " cortical region " are even yet 

 used as synonymous with " bark." The French also use 

 " corticale " in the same sense, and the term is convenient 

 enough so Ions; as one does not mistake it for cortex, which 

 is now restricted in primary axes to the fundamental 

 tissue, which lies between the epidermis and the central 

 cylinder, when it is known as primary cortex. In axes 

 which develop a phellogen, the phelloderma is often called 

 the " secondary cortex." 



The French have derived ecorce from cortex, and use 

 that word in the same sense as the old English bark. 



Eind in English is from the Anglo-Saxon rind or rinde, 

 and the modern German word is Einde, meaning bark or 



