34 TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE [Sess. lxv. 



been examined with care till then, and their formation and 

 relation to the epidermis and cortical tissue {i.e. Kinde) 

 were quite unknown." 



The italics and the insertion of the original Borke and 

 Einde are the writer's. 



In the same work, at p. 308, the following precedes the 

 reference to von Mohl : — " A satisfactory conclusion with 

 respect to growth in thickness of the woody body and of 

 the rind was not reached till the history of development in 

 vegetable histology began to be more thoroughly studied." 

 With due caution the translator renders Einde into rind, 

 which is simply bark in the ordinary sense. 



Adrien de Jussievi (8, p. 62), 1845 — " Jficorce . . . le 

 cambium dessine elle-meme un arc qui separe ce faisceau 

 en deux parties inegales, I'exterieure, appartenant a I'ecorce, 

 beaucoup plus etroite que I'interieure, appartenant au bois." 



Caspary (9), 1857 — " Bewirkt die Sonne Eisse in Einde 

 und Holz der Biiume ? " There is no doubt here about 

 the bark and wood being the two chief parts of the tree. 

 If Holz is wood, then a translator, to be consistent, must 

 make Einde become bark. 



J. Hutton Balfour (10), 1859 — "Bark (cortex), the 

 outer cellular and fibrous covering of the stem ; separable 

 from the wood in Dicotyledons." 



The writer has rendered a literal translation of Sachs' 

 Lehrbuch (11, p. 89), 1868 — "These cork-lamellse are, so 

 to speak, scaly or annular flakes cut out of the bark (aus 

 der Einde) ; everything which lies upon the outside of the 

 same is dried up, and while by degrees this occurrence at 

 the periphery of the stem often takes place, whereby the 

 new cork-lamellse always encroach more deeply upon the 

 growing bark-tissue (Eiudengewebe), an ever-thickening 

 layer of dried-up tissue-masses (Gewebemassen) is separated 

 from the living part of the bark (von dem lebenden Theil 

 der Einde) ; this is the outer hark (dies ist die Borke)." 



It is evident from the context that Borke is the opposite 

 of the living part of the bark ; therefore it might be called 

 the " dead bark," or " dry bark," as well as " outer bark," 

 but it is insufficient to render it into bark. 



Hooker (12, p. 20), 1881 — " The bast used by gardeners 

 for tying is the inner bark of the lime-tree." 



