Feb. 1901.] BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 35 



De Bary (1, p. 54:5), 1884 — The chapter on Periderm 

 in " Comp. Auat." is based on von Mohl's researches (7). 

 At p. 545, the following occurs: — "If a layer of cork 

 is formed in the interior of a mass of tissue, the tissue 

 lying outside it dries up, and is eventually thrown off as 

 bark {Bhi/tidoma, Mohl). The formation of bark is the 

 immediate consequence of the internal formation of peri- 

 derm, and the name is, as a rule, employed for the dried-up 

 tissues and the adjacent peridermal layers conjointly." 

 What is translated here as " bark," is " outer bark " in 

 Garnsey's translation of Sachs' History; and the only way 

 to decide the matter is to refer to the title of von Alohl's 

 work (7), which is in English, "Researches into the 

 Development of Cork and Outer Bark (Borke) in the 

 Bark (Einde) of Dicotyledonous Trees." 



At p. 554 of the same work (1), the term "dry bark" 

 occurs — " The great majority of ligneous plants, however, 

 form on stem or branches new internal periderms, after 

 the first one, which arise successively in deeper layers 

 of the cortex, and cut off successively deeper zones of 

 tissue as cby barJc." In this sentence the term is correctly 

 used, and one naturally looks for " dry bark " wherever 

 Borke occurs in the original ; instead of cortex, however, 

 " cortical zone or region " would be preferable, since 

 " cortex " has now a definite meaning. 



The mistranslation of "Borke" into "bark," at p, 545, 

 has led other translators to adopt the same term, so that 

 the majority of translations from the German, and text- 

 books in English, published since 1884, have appeared 

 with the restricted definition of bark. 



This influence was seen very prominently in 1887, 

 when the English translation of Sachs' " Physiology of 

 Plants" (13) was published, and to a more limited extent 

 in Goebel's " Outlines " (14). In the former, Riude becomes 

 cortex ; liindengewebe, cortical tissue ; and Borke, ba7'k. In 

 the latter, hark occurs only twice, and in italics, as the 

 translation of Borke. (In 1890, the same translator and 

 reviser reject this translation, and use the term outer hark 

 for Borke, while Rinde becomes rind, which is a synonym 

 in English of the separable bark.) 



In the same year, 1887, Asa Gray's "Text-Book" (15), 



