110 TKANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE [Se.ss. r.xvi. 



latter can l)e found below 1000 feet; the former are found 

 in greatest number between 2000 and 2500 feet. 



We have made use of the many published papers on 

 the Clova Flora. We have corrected our altitudes by the 

 work of the Ordnance Survey, and have found frequent 

 cause to discard, or modify from local knowledge, the 

 published statements of botanists regarding heights attained 

 by Clova plants. We have l^een favoured by the help of 

 many friends, among whom are Prof. F. 0. Bower, Messrs. 

 Arthur Bennett, H. H. W. Pearson, A. G. Tansley, F. J. 

 Hanbury (for names of Hieracia), and Piev. E. F. Linton 

 (for names of Hieracia), the late Robert Smith, Dr. W. H. 

 Lang, Rev. F. R. Ten u ant, and Miss C. E. Hemsley, — to 

 them we tender our best thanks, as also to those who 

 permitted us in successive years to botanise on their 

 property. 



We are primarily concerned with the flower-classes first 

 limited by Hermann MuUer, and, because opinions differ 

 as to their definition, we may here add a word in explana- 

 tion of the way in which we use them. Flowers habitually 

 fertilised by the wind belong to class W ; simple flowers, 

 without honey, to class Po. Upright, or more or less 

 upright, simple flowers belong, according to the depth at 

 which the honey lies, to classes A (freely exposed), AB 

 (half-hidden), B (completely hidden), B^ (completely hidden 

 and the flowers crowded), H (deeply hidden, the depth 

 suited to a bee proboscis), and F (the same, but suited to a 

 butterfly's proboscis). Pendent flowers are raised a class 

 at least by the difficulty of obtaining their honey, thus 

 Acer pseudo-platanus belongs to class AB, though its honey 

 is exposed, and Geranium phceum belongs to class H, 

 though the position of its honey would place it in B. 

 Complex flowers without honey may belong to class H, 

 and many nocturnal flowers go into class F, which, by 

 structure, were tliey diurnal, would be distributed between 

 classes B, H, and F, e.g. Hdbcnaria alhicla, which if visited 

 by day-insects would belong to class B, 



In our opinion the final test in all doubtful cases is in 

 the circle of insect visitors. We have studied these, and 

 intend to detail our observations in the " Annals of 

 Botany." 



