July 1902.] BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 257 



carried well up the branches, others protect the branches 

 on which they grow, as well as those lower down. 



In regard to broad-leaved trees, they may be named in 

 the following order, commencing with those which were 

 most damaged : — (1) willows and poplars, (2) ash, (3) 

 sycamore, (4) oak, (5) alder, (6) beech, (7) birch. Except 

 in the case of the willows and poplars, which have 

 exceptionally soft bark, the order is the same as that in 

 which these trees would stand if classified according to the 

 thickness of their twigs, those with the thickest twigs 

 being the most damaged. 



THE OCCLUSION OF WOUNDS. 



As I mentioned above, the wounds on conifers soon 

 managed to cover themselves by means of the exudation of 

 resin, except in the case of the Douglas fir, on which tree 

 the wounds are still quite open. The rate of occlusion on 

 broad-leaved trees, as far as I have been able to observe, is 

 as follows, commencing with those which healed quickest : — 

 (1) mountain ash, (2) beech, (3) alder, (4) ash, (5) birch, 

 (6) sycamore, (7) oak, (8) poplars and willows. 



Shrub and Thee Planting in Ireland. 

 By James Whytock, Esq. 



(Read 10th July 1902.) 



Speaking rather as a professional gardener than as 

 a botanist, I offer this communication on the supposed 

 scientific methods in the past of cultivating trees and 

 shrubs introduced into these Islands from all parts of the 

 world. Forty years ago large landowners all over the 

 kingdom were eager to form pinetums and plant so-called 

 ornamental conifers on their estates, and almost invariably 

 the gardener did this work and not the forester ; indeed 

 one may say with confidence that any good collections of 

 recently introduced large conifers throughout the country 

 were planted and tended by gardeners. 



For example, at Dropmore a gardener named Frost 

 raised an avenue of Cedars of Lebanon, some Auracarias, 

 and Abies Douglasi, so successfully, that the visitor, viewing 



