SYMPOSIUM OX COXSERVATIOX 53 



in its many phases of beauty and interest, and all without any 

 great expense and without any great sacrifice of arable land. 

 \\"ith such development as this we might hope some day to 

 approach the standard of efficiency illustrated by Germany, where, 

 in a thickly settled and long civilized country, the forests are 

 made to serve many interests, economic, scenic, educational. 

 There the forest is an asset, as measured in financial terms, and 

 it also ministers to German culture in various ways. What is 

 possible in Germany is possible in Illinois, and more possible in 

 Illinois than in most of our States, where forests are managed 

 in terms of commercial exploitation rather than in terms of 

 culture and human progress. 



COXSERVATIOX OF OUR OIL AXD COAL RESOURCES. 



F. W. De\\'olf.* 



CONTEXTS. 



CoXSERVATIOX OF OUR OlL RESOURCES. 



Introduction. 



Petroleum Output of the World. 



Production of Petroleum in the United States. 



Output and Probable Duration. 



Wastes of Petroleum. 

 Means of Conservation. 



CoXSERVATIOX OF OuR COAL ReSOXTRCES. 



Introduction. 



Our Interest in the ^Movement. 

 Coal Fields of the United States and Illinois. 

 Growth of Coal Production and Mining Waste. 

 Duration of the Coal Supply. 

 Waste of Coal in Illinois. 

 General Statement. 

 Cost of Coal in the Ground. 

 Over-Development and Extreme Competition. 

 Wasteful Mining Methods. 



Due to System of Mining. 



Due to Careless Operation. 



Due to Irregular Boundaries. 

 Waste of Coal by Improper or Unnecessary Utilization. 



Waste in Generating Power, Heat and Light. 



Water Power and Solar Engines. 



COXCLUSIONS. 



IXTRODUCTIOX. 



The enormous increase in production of petroleum during 

 recent decades has 2:iven rise to considerable study as to the 



*The writer has drawn freely on reports of the U. S. Geological Survey, Van 

 Hise's book on Conservation of Natural Resurces, and Rice's paper on Mining Costs 

 and Wastes: Bull. 111. State Geol. Surs-ey, No. 14. 



