SYMPOSIUM OX SANITATIOX 5 \ 



back into the well carrying with it the dirt and filth from the 

 well cover- 



If typhoid fever does break out we wish to empha:>ize 

 the fact that about the last thing to do is to send water tor 

 examination. Typhoid fever infection has taken place from 

 10 days to two weeks before the symptoms are recognized. 

 There are other sources of typhoid fever and even if the water 

 were the cause, during the time between infection and the 

 outbreak of the disease the water in the well may have lost 

 its infection. Rather should the patient be cared for that he 

 may not again infect the well or infect others by contact. The 

 water may be analyzed but it will require from one week to 

 ten days to obtain the results of an analysis and in the mean- 

 time infection may have spread through other means. It is 

 the wisest course to protect the well so that infection cannot 

 enter, making the water safe at all times. 



I wish to acknowledge the assistance of Carmen F. Har- 

 nack and W. F. Langelier in compiling the statistics and 

 arranging the data for this paper. 



THE CONTROL OF STREAM POLLUTIOX 



PAUL HANSEN 



In uninhabited or even rural districts the evil results of 

 stream pollution are practically negligible, but in localities 

 where there are urban districts, streams are rendered ex- 

 ceedingly foul by the enormous quantities of sewage and 

 industrial wastes that are poured into them from city sewers. 

 These streams become totally unfit for pleasure purposes, 

 the land along the banks is depreciated in value and public 

 water supplies drawn from the streams may be grossly con- 

 taminated and constitute an extreme danger to public health. 

 In the past and even at the present time an enormous toll 

 in human lives is annually exacted as a result of polluted 

 streams not to mention the economic loss due to depreciation 

 in property values. Notable examples in this country of 

 streams which have been rendered foul and useless, other 

 than as open sewers through excessive pollution are the Pas- 

 saic River in New Yersey. the Naponset River in Massa- 

 chusetts, and Mill Creek in Ohio near Cincinnati In our 

 own state we have the Chicago River and the Chicago main 

 drainage canal which are becoming so contaminated that it 

 will be necessary to spend millions of dollars for sewage 

 treatment unless the government permits the diversion of in- 

 creased quantities of water from Lake Michigan. 



