GLACIAL PHENOMENA IX SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 231 



2.— A CENSUS OF THE OLDER TERTIARY FAUNA OF 

 AUSTRALIA. 



By Ralph Tate, F.G.S., F.L.S., Professor of Natural Science 

 in the University of Adelaide, Soutli Australia. 



3— GLACIAL PHENOMENA IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 



BY 



Ralph Tate, F.G.S., F.L.S. Professor of Natural Science 

 in the University of Adelaide, South Australia. 



The subject of glaciation in Australia has been much discussed 

 since I first brought it to scientific notice in the year 1877. The 

 e^■idences that may be adduced in favour of glaciation are always 

 open to doubt, and their acceptance largely rests on the known 

 ability of the observer to interpret aright the signs of extinct 

 glaciers. 



The glaciated surface which I announced in 1877 as well 

 developed on the coast cliffs at Hallett's Cove, south of Holdfast 

 Bay in St. Vincent Gulf, remains as yet unique ; but once it is 

 accepted as of glacial origin, many other features obscure in 

 themselves acquire co-ordinate value in relation therewith. It is 

 not my purpose to describe the various signs which now can safely 

 be attributed to glacial action, but simply to bring to your notice 

 such tangible evidences of the glaciated condition of the rock 

 surface at Hallett's Cove, and of its associated moraine debris. 

 Actual inspection would, I am sure, convince you, but under present 

 circumstances, I reverse the usual order, and " bring the mountain 

 to Mahomet," at least so much of the mountain as hand specimens 

 and photographs are capable of conveying of its nature and 

 appearance. 



The path of the glacier is traceable for a distance of two miles, 

 along the top of the scarped sea-clilfs at about forty feet above the 

 sea-level ; on the north it is cut out from the cliff' by encroachment 

 of the sea, from this point the glaciated surface is continuous in a 

 southerly direction for a distance of one mile to Black Point, the 

 north headland of Hallett's Cove. On the line of the glacier, 

 there now intervenes the broad but narrow bay of Hallett's Cove, 

 but on the south headland the track is picked up on about the 

 same trend, though apparently at a little higher level — here again 

 the glacier path is soon cut out by removal of the cliff". 



On the north side of the Cove, the glaciated surface is beautifully 

 displayed, the edges of nearly vertical strata are sheared off', and 



