THE NUMERALS IN THE ETRUSCAN LANGUAGE. 4G7 



and ceud-adh is "hundredth;" neither does the G. always 

 use -amh; for, while ochd-amh is "eighth," yet cuige- 

 adh is "fifth" Then again, tliese foi'ms in -adh appear also 

 in the Lat. and Gr. cardinals ; for the L. q u a d r a g i n t a is for 

 q u a d r a (/ g i n t a, and the Gr. t r i a k o n t a for t r i « (^Z k o n t a; 

 so likewise q u i n q u a g i n t a, itc, triakosioi, <kc. Moreover, 

 the I.-K., to express tlie numerals, makes use of other forms of 

 abstract substantives (vide Zeuss, Gram. Celt.), such as oin-ar, 

 neut. oin-de, "one," di-as, neut. de-d e, " two " (r/! G. deise, 

 " a pair)," etc. 



From the investigation in this paragrapli I gather the following 

 Results : — 



1. The syllable -ad ( = adh)is used as the K. formative for 



cardinal numbers, and -am ( = amh) for the ordinal. 



2. The syllables -ad, - a m, and, in coml)ination, - a m a d, are 



used indiscriminately for the ordinals. 



3. Some "tens," as Gr. h e b d o m e k o n t a, are expressed by 



- a m a d. 

 IV. Is there in the Etruscan inscriptions anything analogous to 

 these modes of forming numerals 1 Yes ; for, in my opinion, the 

 word s E s p II A L c H L is equivalent to s E i s-A M H- A d-d-c h-a d, 

 of which s e i s a m h a d is entirely an I.-K word now in use, mean- 

 ing "sixth," and d-ch-ad ( = theEtr. 1-ch-l) is deichad, also 

 a Gadhelic word, the number "ten" (Gr. dekad-), from the G. 

 deich, "ten." Deichad becomes 1-ch-l by the simple change 

 of the dental d into the dental-liquid 1, as in the L. delicare 

 for dedicare, lingua for d i n g u a — a change not at all 

 surprising since the Etruscan Alphabet had not the medials b, g, d ; 

 and any one who has read Etruscan inscriptions will have observed 

 how frequently the letter 1 occurs in the words there. This 

 substitution of 1 for d in the number "ten" is found also in the 

 German numerals ei-lf, zwo-lf, in the Lithuanian dwy- 

 1 i k a, t r y-1 i k a, in the Goth, a i n-1 i f, t wa-1 i f, and in the Lapp 

 1 o k k e. Thus, the words seisamhad and d e i c h a d, each 

 of them an abstract substantive, (cf. L. quadraginta, etc.), would 

 easily become, according to the pronunciation in use among the 

 Etruscans, S esph-al-1 ec h-al, and then S esp h-al-1 -c h-1, 

 and would mean " sixty," by Result 3 of the preceding paragraph. 

 In the same manner I find M u v A L c H L of the inscriptions to 

 mean " twenty " (assuming for the present that m a or m u 

 means " two ") ; for, if written in full in Keltic, it would be m u- 

 a m h-ad-d ei c h-ad (-amh = -av, as in the L. oct-av-us), 

 abbreviated into m u-a v-al-l-c h-1, m u v-al-l-c h-1 ; similarly 

 I take M E A L c II L and c e a l c H L to be shortened forms for 

 me-ad-deich-ad, and ce-ad -d ei c h-ad. In the Etr. word 

 muvalchl, T suppose muv to be an adjective form for 

 m a-a m h ( = m a-a v or m u-a v), and on the analogy of the Gr, 



