THE NUMERALS IN THE ETRUSCAN LANGUAGE. 469 



sheep "one' year old,'-' and, in the foi-ms o t h-a t h, u a t h-a t li, 

 Zeuss found it in the old Irish M.S8. wliich he examined [vichi 

 Zeuss, Gram. Celt.); uaig-neas also (for u a i t h - ), "loneliness," 

 is still a good G. word. The modern G. word for " one" is a o n , 

 pronounced un, in which, as 1 think, the a represents the root 

 u or h u, and this root shows itself clearly in the Z. h a-k e r e t, 

 " once," and the o.h. Ger. h a - i h s, h a - u f s, and is itself a form of 

 the S. sa, "he," eka, "one." 



So far as I know, the root u or h u does not exist in tlie Keltic 

 as a pronoun, but the Teutonic languages have it in the forms 

 hua, hu, ho, E. " he, " and the H. has h u a (fern, h i a) as 

 the pronoun of the third person, of which suffix forms ai-e o, "his," 

 ho, " him ;" with these correspond the demonstrative Greek 

 h o, "the," h OS, "this, he," hou, "of him." he, "him," and also 

 the old pronoun his or is, hi or i, L. is, is-te, i-dem, 

 G. i or si, "she," e or se, "he," and the L. retlex su-i, 

 su-us, se. Other facts show the intimate connection between 

 the third personal pronoun and the numeral "one;" for the S. 

 eka is " one ;" in H. it is e c h k d h, fern, a c h a t h, " one ;" in 

 old G., c h i a d, "one," now found in c e u d-a m h, " first," and in 

 ceud-na, " the same, also" (c/ idem and item); but the S. 

 eka, "one," also brings us to the L. hie, "this," sic, "so.'" 

 Again, the Z. form a e v a, "one," is the same word as the S. e v a, 

 "also, only," evam, "so," and the G. amhain, " only," Gr. 

 m o n s " alone," ones (for fono s\ the number "one" on dice, 

 SI. on, "that." The Sanskrit defective pronoun en a, en am, 

 "this," is the same as the Gr. h e i s (for hens), hen, "one," and the 

 Ger. e i n, e i n e r. The old G. u a t h, " one, alone," I take to be 

 the same word as the Gr, a u t o s, " he;" for, in the Homeric ex- 

 pression autos per eon, it is used in the sense of "alone;" 

 and with autos correspond in form the G. ud, "that," L. id, 



5. tad. 



I thus arrange the words quoted in this paragraph : — roots, (1) 

 h u, ho, hua, h i a; (2) e s a; (3) e k a; (4) aeva ; (5) e n a (m) ; 

 — derived from (1) hu, »fec., are G. u-ath; Etr. hu-th, L. u-n- 

 u s ; Gr. h o, h o s, his, is, hi, i ; L. i s, e a ; su-i, su-us; 



6. i, s i, e, se ; derived from (2) esa are the ^<r. esal; L. sol-us, 

 sol-ennis; sim-plex, sin-guli; Gr. h a - p a x , h a - 

 ploos; Goth, ha-ifs, ha-ufs; derived from (3) e k a are Z?^. 

 ech-adh, ach-ath; G. chi'-ad, ceud-arah, ceud-na; 

 Z. s i c, hie; derived from (4) aeva are ^S'. e v a, e v a m ; G. 

 a - m h a i n ; Gr. m o n - o s , Fon-os ; SI. on ; derived from (5) 

 en a are Gr. heis, hen, Ger. ein, einer; derived from u-atli 

 (a-uth) are Gr. aut-os; G. ud; L. id. 



VI. In my opinion, the Etr. M A c H means "two." The theme 

 of this word is the S. d v a, Gothic t v a, "two." The most of 

 the other Aryan languages have retained the dental d, but the 



