THE NUMERALS IN THE ETRUSCAN LANGUAGE. 47o 



is tlie orii,dnal of the cliaracter S a n, used in Gr. manuscripts to 

 mean " six." Tlie dig'annua and s are intercliangeable, for tlie 

 L. sui I'epresents the Gr. pronoun / o u. The S. cha is the 

 Gr. k a i, "and," and the L. (j u e ; pos.sihly also the Gr. t e (which 

 may become se), and the L. et are from the same I'oot; cha with 

 the a transposed becomes ach, and that is the G. a g's, contracted 

 into a's, and tlie L. ac. 



The G. words for six are s e, s i a, s e s e r, and these appear, 

 as I have already shown, in the Etrus. s E s-P ii s. The word s'a s 

 is also found in the Etruscan inscriptions, 



XT. The Aryan words for "seven " are also uniform ; viz., S. 

 s a p t a n, Z. h a p t a n , Gr. h e p t a , L. s e p t e m , Ger 

 s i e b e n, I.-K. s e a c h d ; the H. is s h e b a, and, as this ends 

 with the letter a y i n, I would write it s h e b a (g). The first 

 syllable in these, s a, s e, she, I take to be the same as in 

 "six," and the bag in shebag is a near approach to the 

 Etr. M A c II, " two," from the root b a (see par. VI. ). Tlie root b a 

 would give (by Result 1) ba-ad, and thn; whole woi'd would be 

 s a - b a d, or by transposition s a b d a, which is the S. s a p t a-n ; 

 the b a d could also become ban (n being the liquid for d or 

 d h), and this would account for the Ger. s i e b e n, E. seven. 

 The I.-K. s e a c h d appears to me to be a corruption of s e-Fa, c h- 

 ad, and is thus allied also to the Etr. M A c ii, "two," through 

 the digamma, which equals b or m aspirated. The Aryan words 

 for " seven " therefore are equivalent to " and (s e) two " (b a). 



In the Etr. inscriptions the numeral " seven " does not seem 

 to occur at all. 



XII. Nor does eight, unless M A c h z a t h r m be taken to he 

 the Etr. for "eighth." There are two ways of expressing the 

 numljer " eight," either by P + 2 or 2x4. The latter mode is 

 common enough in language ; the French say quatrevingt 

 and the Kelts ceithir fie head, four 20s, for "eighty ;" the S. 

 says tri sap tan, three 7s, for "twenty one," and pancha 

 sap tan, five 7s, for " thirty five ;" even the Papuans, in some 

 places, say taura ani, two 4s, for "eight." On this principle 

 the Etr. mach zathr, according to my previous an dysis, 

 would mean " eight," from M a c il = 2 and z a t ii R = 4. 



The Aryan words for "eight" are S. a s h t a n, Z. a s t a n, (xotli. 

 ah tan, Ger. acht, Gr. and Lat. ok to, I.-K. ochd. The 

 S. a s h t a n, must be a softened form of an original word acht a, 

 and that I consider a corruption of a supposed word d v a-c h a t, 

 two 4s, changed into /"a c h t a ; the S. d v a, "two," becomes b a, 

 va (see par. VI.), and chat is the first syllable of S. eh a tu r 

 " four," L. q u a t u o r for quattuor (.see par. VIII.). 



XIII. The Latin writes u n d e v i g i n t i, "one-from-twenty " 

 for " nineteen," and the S. says eka-una vimcja, or merely 



