476 PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION G. 



una V i m 9 a ( = " one-wanting twenty") for "nineteen;" it is 

 therefore possible that " nine " may be expressed in languages by 

 "ten-less-one," or something similar. Now the German neun, 

 Gothic n i u n, I.-K. n a o n, n a o i d h, seem to me to consist of 

 the negative n a, u e, and the numeral " one ; " and the Keltic 

 n-aoidh reminds us of the word a-uth or u-ath, from 

 which I have taken the Etr. h u T H, " one." The S. n a v a n,' L 

 n o V e m, seem to be formed from the Z. a e v a, " one," with the 

 prefixed n to represent the negative, while the Gr. e n n e a is 

 for en-n-e/"a, from the same I'oot. The Roman numeral sign 

 IX. ( = one from ten) for " nine" seems also to favour this view. 



The numeral " nine " does not appear in tlie words of the 

 Etruscan inscriptions. 



XIV. The Etr. numeral " ten " is found only in the compound 

 words given in pai-agraph IV., and is in them represented by 

 1 - c h - 1. The Aryan words for " ten " I take to be equivalent to 

 " two-five," that is, " two hands," and the numeral sign X. is only 

 two Vs, conjoined, the lower one being inverted. Some Oceanic 

 languages say distinctly rua lima, "two hands," for "ten." In 

 examining the words for " five," J have endeavoured to show that 

 they may be traced to the root k a m or k a v, and this root, 

 with da, de, "two," prefixed, would give L. dec em, Gr. deka(v), 

 and the S. d a g a n, as well as tlie Goth, t a i h u n, E. t e n. The 

 I.-K. d ei c h a d, however, comes nearest to the Etr. 1 - c h - 1. 



XV. Having now examined all the digits, I have, in conclusion, 

 only to refer to the two dice well known to Etruscologists, the 

 dice of Toscanella, so called because they were found there about 

 forty years ago. These dice have not pips marked on their sides 

 to indicate the numbers, but have words instead, viz., mach, hutli, 

 ci, sa, zal, thu. Corssen reads these words as a continuous in- 

 scription, and maintains that they are votive. But why should 

 words be written on dice, if not to express numbers 1 I find them 

 all among the digits already examined ; z A L I take to be for 

 z A L T H R, " four," a word too long for the side of the cube ; for 

 the same reason I take thu to be for thur or tiur (see 

 par. VII.), and this would agree with the t u r in the S. c h a-t u r 

 and the Oscan p e - 1 u r. 



My work is finished. I have not discussed the opinions of others, 

 for my aim is not controversial ; I have given my own views, and 

 these have come from my own independent investigations ; let 

 them go for what they are worth. 



