﻿Classification 
  of 
  the 
  Order 
  Salmopercce. 
  

  

  295 
  

  

  muciferous 
  channels 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  are 
  

   separated 
  in 
  the 
  interorbital 
  region 
  by 
  a 
  median 
  ridge 
  or 
  pair 
  

   of 
  ridges 
  formed 
  by 
  the 
  frontals 
  and 
  continued 
  forward 
  on 
  

   the 
  mesethmoid 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  snout 
  the 
  muciferous 
  channels 
  lie 
  in 
  

   the 
  large 
  thin 
  nasal 
  bones, 
  which 
  are 
  concave, 
  with 
  both 
  outer 
  

   and 
  inner 
  edges 
  raised, 
  the 
  latter 
  nearly 
  or 
  quite 
  meeting 
  

   above 
  the 
  ethmoidal 
  ridge. 
  The 
  parietals 
  are 
  separated 
  by 
  

   the 
  supraoccipital 
  ; 
  the 
  otic 
  bones 
  are 
  all 
  well 
  developed 
  ; 
  the 
  

   exoccipital 
  condyles 
  are 
  contiguous 
  ; 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  thin-walled 
  

   auditory 
  bulla 
  formed 
  mainly 
  by 
  the 
  basioccipital, 
  exoccipital, 
  

   and 
  pro-otic 
  ; 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  basisphenoid, 
  and 
  the 
  pro-otics 
  do 
  not 
  

   form 
  a 
  roof 
  for 
  the 
  myodome 
  ; 
  the 
  alisphenoids 
  do 
  not 
  meet 
  

   in 
  the 
  middle 
  line, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  orbitosphenoid. 
  The 
  prse- 
  

   orbital 
  and 
  suborbitals 
  are 
  ossified, 
  without 
  subocular 
  shelf; 
  

   there 
  is 
  no 
  supraorbital 
  ; 
  the 
  opercular 
  and 
  hyopalatine 
  bones 
  

   are 
  all 
  present 
  and 
  normally 
  developed; 
  the 
  palatine 
  is 
  

   attached 
  to 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  vomer 
  and 
  has 
  a 
  maxillary 
  

   process 
  ; 
  the 
  prsemaxillaries 
  have 
  short 
  pedicels 
  which 
  lie 
  

   between 
  the 
  proximal 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  maxillaries 
  ; 
  the 
  latter 
  are 
  

   broadest 
  distally 
  and 
  have 
  no 
  supramaxillaries 
  ; 
  the 
  lower 
  

   jaw 
  is 
  formed 
  of 
  dentary, 
  articulare, 
  and 
  angulare. 
  The 
  lower 
  

   pharyngeals 
  are 
  coalescent 
  by 
  their 
  inner 
  edges 
  ; 
  there 
  are 
  3 
  

   sepaiate 
  dentigerous 
  upper 
  pharyngeals 
  on 
  each 
  side. 
  

  

  Vertebral 
  column. 
  — 
  There 
  are 
  30 
  to 
  36 
  vertebree 
  (13-17 
  + 
  

   17-19) 
  ; 
  the 
  centra 
  and 
  arches 
  are 
  cc-ossified 
  ; 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  

   prsecaudals 
  have 
  rather 
  strong 
  transverse 
  parapophyses 
  ; 
  the 
  

   ribs 
  are 
  strong, 
  mostly 
  inserted 
  on 
  the 
  parapophyses 
  ; 
  the 
  

   epipleurals 
  are 
  feeble. 
  

  

  A. 
  B. 
  

  

  Columbia 
  trunsmontima. 
  — 
  A. 
  Pelvic 
  bones. 
  B. 
  Caudal 
  fin 
  skeleton. 
  

   ep, 
  epurals 
  (epaxial 
  basalia) 
  ; 
  hy, 
  hypurals 
  ; 
  c, 
  last 
  centrum 
  ; 
  it, 
  urostyle. 
  

  

  Skeleton 
  of 
  caudal 
  Jin. 
  — 
  The 
  caudal 
  fin 
  skeleton 
  (fig. 
  B) 
  

   shows 
  one 
  feature 
  of 
  generalization, 
  in 
  that 
  the 
  hypurals 
  of 
  

   the 
  upper 
  and 
  lower 
  lobes 
  are 
  attached 
  to 
  separate 
  centra 
  ; 
  in 
  

   other 
  characters 
  it 
  is 
  highly 
  specialized, 
  for 
  the 
  hypurals 
  are 
  

   few 
  and 
  the 
  uroneurals 
  are 
  reduced, 
  ankylosed 
  with 
  each 
  

   other 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  last 
  centrum, 
  forming 
  a 
  urostyle. 
  

  

  