﻿On 
  the 
  Classification 
  of 
  the 
  Order 
  Synentognathi. 
  327 
  

  

  the 
  characters 
  noted 
  above; 
  parietals 
  are 
  present, 
  but 
  there 
  is 
  

   no 
  basisphenoid. 
  Vertebrae 
  30 
  to 
  36 
  (Gambusia 
  32, 
  Belo- 
  

   nesox 
  36, 
  Pcecilia, 
  Mollienisia, 
  and 
  Xivhophorus 
  30 
  or 
  31). 
  

  

  The 
  principal 
  genera 
  are 
  Belonesox, 
  Gambusia, 
  Petal 
  o- 
  

   soma, 
  Glaridichthi/S) 
  Cnesterodon, 
  Heterandria, 
  Pcecilia, 
  

   GirardinuSf 
  Acanthophacehis, 
  Phailoptychus, 
  Phalloceros. 
  

  

  In 
  Belonesox 
  the 
  jaws 
  are 
  produced 
  and 
  the 
  teeth 
  cardi- 
  

   form 
  ; 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  others 
  are 
  carnivorous 
  and 
  have 
  the 
  mouth 
  

   and 
  dentition 
  of 
  a 
  Fundulus, 
  but 
  these 
  are 
  closely 
  related 
  to 
  

   those 
  mud-eating 
  forms 
  which 
  have 
  a 
  small 
  transverse 
  mouth, 
  

   movable 
  compressed 
  teeth, 
  and 
  the 
  rami 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  jaw 
  

   loosely 
  connected. 
  All 
  the 
  species 
  are 
  American, 
  ranging 
  on 
  

   the 
  coasts 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  rivers 
  from 
  the 
  southern 
  United 
  States 
  

   to 
  the 
  La 
  Plata, 
  and 
  especially 
  abounding 
  in 
  Central 
  America 
  

   and 
  the 
  West 
  Indies. 
  The 
  males 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  are 
  

   among 
  the 
  smallest 
  known 
  fishes. 
  

  

  EXPLANATION 
  OF 
  PLATE 
  VIII. 
  

  

  Goodea 
  atripinnis. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  1. 
  Hyopalatine 
  and 
  opercular 
  bones 
  (internal 
  view), 
  pal, 
  palatine; 
  

   q, 
  quadrate 
  ; 
  ms, 
  mesopterygoid 
  ; 
  hm, 
  hyoinandibular 
  ; 
  sy, 
  syrn- 
  

   plectic 
  ; 
  op, 
  operculum 
  ; 
  sop, 
  suboperculum 
  ; 
  top, 
  interoperculum. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  2. 
  Pectoral 
  arcb 
  (except 
  post-temporal 
  and 
  supra-cleithrum). 
  cl, 
  

   cleithrum 
  ; 
  pel, 
  post-cleithrum 
  ; 
  sc, 
  hypercoracoid 
  ; 
  cor, 
  hypo- 
  

   coracoid 
  ; 
  r, 
  radials. 
  

  

  Figs. 
  3-5. 
  Skull: 
  3, 
  from 
  behind; 
  4, 
  from 
  above; 
  5, 
  from 
  below, 
  soc, 
  

   supraoccipital 
  ; 
  hoc, 
  basioccipital 
  ; 
  eoc, 
  exoccipital 
  ; 
  epo, 
  epiotic 
  ; 
  

   opo, 
  opistbotic 
  ; 
  spo, 
  sphenotic 
  ; 
  pto, 
  pterotic 
  ; 
  pro, 
  pro-otic 
  ; 
  

   asp, 
  alispbenoid 
  ; 
  psp, 
  paraspbenoid 
  ; 
  v, 
  vomer 
  ; 
  eth, 
  meseth- 
  

   moid 
  ; 
  leth, 
  lateral 
  ethmoid 
  ; 
  n, 
  nasal 
  ; 
  por, 
  praaorbital 
  ; 
  /, 
  fron- 
  

   tal 
  ; 
  p, 
  parietal 
  ; 
  jjft, 
  post- 
  temporal. 
  

  

  XXXVI. 
  — 
  The 
  Classification 
  of 
  the 
  Teleostean 
  Fishes 
  of 
  the 
  

   Order 
  Synentognathi. 
  By 
  C. 
  Tate 
  Regan, 
  M.A. 
  

  

  (Published 
  by 
  permission 
  of 
  the 
  Trustees 
  of 
  the 
  British 
  Museum.) 
  

  

  [Plate 
  IX.] 
  

  

  The 
  order 
  Synentognathi 
  (Pharyngognathi 
  malacopterygii 
  

   of 
  Johannes 
  Miiller) 
  may 
  be 
  shortly 
  diagnosed 
  as 
  comprising 
  

   malacopterous 
  physoclists 
  with 
  the 
  lower 
  pharyngeals 
  com- 
  

   pletely 
  united. 
  In 
  these 
  fishes 
  the 
  dorsal 
  fin 
  is 
  placed 
  far 
  

   back, 
  above 
  the 
  anal, 
  the 
  branched 
  rays 
  of 
  the 
  caudal 
  are 
  

   only 
  13 
  in 
  number, 
  the 
  pectorals 
  are 
  placed 
  high, 
  and 
  the 
  

  

  