﻿Classification 
  of 
  the 
  Order 
  Synentognathi. 
  331 
  

  

  projection 
  fitting 
  an 
  emargination 
  of 
  an 
  anterior 
  laminar 
  

   expansion 
  of 
  the 
  neural 
  arch 
  behind 
  it 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  posterior 
  

   caudal 
  region 
  the 
  haemal 
  arches 
  articulate 
  in 
  a 
  somewhat 
  

   similar 
  manner, 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  anterior 
  caudal 
  and 
  posterior 
  

   praecaudal 
  vertebrae 
  the 
  posterior 
  processes 
  are 
  longer 
  and 
  

   directed 
  vertically 
  downward. 
  

  

  I 
  find 
  that 
  the 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  jaws, 
  the 
  pharyngeal 
  bones 
  

   and 
  teeth, 
  the 
  skull, 
  the 
  pectoral 
  arch, 
  and 
  the 
  pelvic 
  bones 
  

   call 
  for 
  the 
  recognition 
  of 
  two 
  very 
  distinct 
  suborders, 
  each 
  

   including 
  two 
  closely 
  related 
  families. 
  

  

  Order 
  SYNENTOGNATHI. 
  

  

  S 
  uborder 
  1. 
  Scombresocoidea. 
  

  

  Synentognaths 
  with 
  small 
  scales 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  mouth 
  

   typically 
  large, 
  the 
  jaws 
  usually 
  produced 
  and 
  narrowed 
  

   forwards; 
  rami 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  jaw 
  united 
  by 
  the 
  interlocking 
  

   of 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  inner 
  processes 
  (except 
  in 
  Cololabis) 
  ; 
  maxillaries 
  

   firmly 
  united 
  to 
  prsemaxillaries. 
  Third 
  upper 
  pharyngeals 
  

   moderately 
  enlarged, 
  separate 
  ; 
  fourth 
  usually 
  present 
  ; 
  lower 
  

   pharyngeal 
  triangular 
  or 
  long 
  and 
  narrow. 
  Pharyngeal 
  teeth 
  

   usually 
  villiform 
  or 
  granular, 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  teeth 
  of 
  the 
  

   principal 
  plates 
  often 
  compressed, 
  tricuspid. 
  Parasphenoid 
  

   without 
  apophysis 
  ; 
  myodome 
  elongate, 
  the 
  parasphenoid 
  

   and 
  pro-otic 
  meeting 
  in 
  a 
  long 
  sutural 
  union 
  ; 
  auditory 
  

   bulla, 
  if 
  distinct, 
  little 
  prominent, 
  with 
  but 
  a 
  shallow 
  depres- 
  

   sion 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  it. 
  Post-temporal 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  expanded 
  

   and 
  laminar, 
  simple 
  or 
  with 
  a 
  small 
  inner 
  fork 
  ; 
  supra- 
  

   cleithrum 
  small, 
  partly 
  or 
  entirely 
  hidden 
  by 
  the 
  post- 
  

   temporal 
  ; 
  cleithrum 
  connected 
  with 
  basioccipital 
  by 
  a 
  strong 
  

   ligament. 
  Each 
  pelvic 
  bone 
  of 
  an 
  anterior 
  subtriangular 
  

   lamina 
  and 
  an 
  erect 
  laminar 
  process, 
  which 
  is 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  

   expanded 
  superiorly. 
  

  

  Family 
  1. 
  Belonidaa. 
  

  

  Post-temporal 
  forked, 
  the 
  upper 
  fork 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  ex- 
  

   panded, 
  anteriorly 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  nearly 
  horizontal 
  epiotic 
  

   and 
  pterotic 
  lamina, 
  the 
  lower 
  fork 
  short 
  and 
  slender, 
  

   attached 
  to 
  a 
  process 
  of 
  the 
  exoccipital 
  lamina 
  ; 
  supra- 
  

   cleithrum 
  small, 
  vertical, 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  concealed 
  beneath 
  the 
  

   post-temporal. 
  Vertebras 
  57 
  to 
  77 
  (57 
  in 
  Xenentodon*, 
  74 
  

   in 
  Potamorrhapliis, 
  77 
  in 
  Belone) 
  ; 
  prsecaudals 
  with 
  strong 
  

  

  * 
  57 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  Miocene 
  Belone 
  tenuis 
  (Kratnberger, 
  Glasnik 
  Soc. 
  Hist. 
  

   Nat. 
  Croatia, 
  x. 
  1898, 
  p. 
  26, 
  pi. 
  ii. 
  fig. 
  1). 
  

  

  22* 
  

  

  