8 DREDGING AND HYDROGRAPHIC RECORDS OF 



long narrow reef called Rock Cod Ledge; and off the mouth of the 

 Estero Grande is a small spot similarly named. In the vicinity of 

 Point Pinos are four fishing grounds milch frequented by the boats 

 from Monterey. Seventy Fathom Bank, or Coopers Rock, lies about 

 3.5 miles west of the point; Italian Ledge, a smaller bank, is about the 

 same distance north of the point; Portuguese Ledge, still smaller, lies 

 about 3 miles north-northeast of Point Pinos; and Humpback Rock, a 

 tiny spot, is about 2 miles east of it. 



South of Point Conception the various forms of apparatus were 

 employed as follows: 



Tanner beam-trawl, 11-foot. — At 15 stations was dragged over the bottom an average of 

 29 minutes and a distance of 0.9 mile. At another station it was fouled almost as soon as 

 landed on the bottom. 



Tanner beam-trawl, 9-foot. — At 23 stations dragged an average of 26 minutes each, an 

 average distance of 0.9 mile. 



Tanner beam-trawl, S-foot. — Not considering two stations where this gear was fouled 

 within five minutes of the time it landed, it was used 54 times for an average of 25 minutes 

 each, and dragged over the bottom an average distance of 0.7 mile. 



Blake beam-trawl, 10-foot. — Hauled 11 times, an average of 2-1 minutes each, over an 

 average distance of 0.9 mile. 



Blake beam-trawl, 51-foot. — Used once for 30 minutes and dragged 1.1 miles; and again for 

 40 minutes, 0.8 mile. 



Tangle swabs, 8 on triangular frame. — Dragged 15 times, an average of 15 minutes each, 

 an average distance of 0.6 mile. 



Tangle sivabs, 7 on frame. — Used once, for 13 minutes, 0.4 mile. 



Tangle swabs, S on short bar. — Used once, 16 minutes, 1.3 miles. 



Tangle swab. — A single tangle swab was seized to the tail of a trawl net at one station and 

 dragged 2 minutes. 



Ship's dredge. — Put over but once, when it was lost. 



Mud bag. — Used at 49 stations: lashed to the foot of trawl net at 43, and to the crown of 

 tangle-frame at 6; average time dragged, 24 minutes, and average distance 0.7 mile. 



Townsend intermediate net. — Used vertically at 18 stations, a total of 22 hauls, from 

 various depths. 



Open plankton nets. — These were small contrivances, of various patterns and dimensions, 

 ranging between 10 inches and 16 inches in diameter of ring at mouth, and of varjung lengths. 

 Those most often used were what was known also as a "Kofoid net," 12 inches in diameter 

 of hoop or ring, with a bucket at the lower end, designed by Dr. C. A. Kofoid, of the Uni- 

 versity of California. These nets were used vertically in 59 hauls, from depths of 10 to 500 

 fathoms. They were towed at the surface at 10 stations, in 38 separate hauls, average 

 duration of haul 10 minutes, and average distance towed 0.33 mile. At one of these sta- 

 tions, where 8 separate hauls of the net were made, the electric light also was towed at the 

 surface, directly in front of the mouth of the net. At another station a Kofoid pattern net 

 was secured in the mouth of the 4-foot surface net and towed twice with success. 



Surface tow net. — This apparatus, the regulation 4-foot ringed tow net, was towed, at 58 

 stations, 72 times, an average of 23 minutes at each haul, and an average distance of 0.66 

 mile. As already noted, at one station two hauls were made with a Kofoid-pattern open- 

 plankton net secured in the mouth of the surface net. 



Dip nets. — Twice employed at night for surface collecting, the electric light being utilized 

 at the same time to attract free-moving forms. At one station 3 nets were used from the 

 rail for 1\ hours; at another 2 nets If hours. 



Hand lines. — Used incidentally at 4 stations, an average of 7 being fished an average of 

 33 minutes at each trial. 



