FRAGRANT BUTTERFLIES—CLARK 425 
Mr. Scudder found that the males of our native gray-veined 
white (P. oleracea) have a more distinct odor than those of the 
imported European white, though it is still faint. It is, too, quite a 
different odor, and he compared it to the fragrance of syringa blos- 
soms. Mr. Longstafl, who examined this species at North Bend. 
B. C., compared the odor to that of lemon verbena. 
Quite a fragrant little butterfly is our common sulphur (Hurymus 
philodice, fig. 7, pl. 1; figs. 20, 21, pl. 3), the males smelling like 
dried “sweet grass” or like sweet hay. This odor is fairly strong, 
and apparently it is constant and quite uniform, as I have noticed 
it in all examined both in Massachusetts and at Washington. 
In the little sulphur (Zurema euterpe, fig. 13, pl. 2) the males have 
a pronounced fragrance which is somewhat similar to that of the 
males of the preceding, but is sweeter and more flowery, and is 
very easy to perceive in spite of their small size. My observations 
were all made in the vicinity of Washington. All but 8 out of 
39 males of #. euterpe taken by Mr. Longstaff in Jamaica had an 
odor varying from very slight in some to strong in 17. Mrs. Long- 
staff described it on various occasions as “a slight pleasant smell,” 
“strong, like syringa,” “a very soft gentle smell, might be jas- 
mine,” and “very slight, sweet, jasmine or syringa.” Mr. A. P. 
Ponsonby suggested gorse. In Mr. Longstaff’s judgment the scent 
resembled rather the clove pink, but was still more like pink bind- 
weed. There was no scent in the 21 females studied. 
Among the southern relatives of this little butterfly Z'wrema delza, 
which is common in the Gulf States, was examined by Mr. Long- 
staff in Jamaica, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela in 1907. The 
results were conflicting, but in the large majority of cases negative. 
Of E. westwoodii, which is found sparingly in Texas and Arizona, 
three males taken in Jamaica all had a scent, described in one as 
a “spice odor, not quite the same as in /. euterpe.” 
The large clear yellow butterfly so common in the Southern States 
(Catopsilia eubule, fig. 14, pl..2) according to Miss Murtfeldt has a 
slight violet odor in the male. From observations in Brazil, Fritz 
Miiller described the perfume of this same butterfly as faint and 
musklike. In no less than 32 out of the 33 males tested by Mr. 
Longstaff in the West Indies and on the northern coast of South 
America in 1907 “a distinct. scent was readily perceived, indead 
in the great majority of cases it is noted as strong, twice as very 
strong. In quality the pee was agreeable and was compared by me 
to Stephanotis, or Freesia.” 
Mr. Longstaff records that two lange males of the form senna 
taken at Savanilla, Colombia, had a strong scent, like that of F'reesia. 
Of one of each sex taken at Cartagena the male ad the usual strong 
Freesia scent, the female a disagreeable, but somewhat sweet, odor. 
