426 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1926 
Of 22 females examined by Mr. Longstaff 9 proved negative, but in 
the remaining 18 a scent was detected which, though usually de- 
scribed as very slight, or slight, and never as strong, was often dis- 
tinct enough. In quality the scent of the female eubule was dis- 
agreeable; somewhat sweet, but recalling bad pomade, or rancid 
butter, or butyric acid. In the female of this species Fritz Miller 
found a very strong peculiar odor in which some volatile acid seemed 
to predominate. 
In a related species (C’. agarithe) which occurs in the Gulf States 
and is common throughout tropical America, Mr. Longstaff found 
that of three males examined in Tobago two yielded a scent noted as 
being “sweet, neither strong nor pleasant.” 
In Brazilian specimens of another form (@. argante) which is 
found in Florida and Texas, Fritz Miiller detected a very distinct 
musklike odor. In the females of this species he found an odor 
resembling that of female eubule. 
In Appias ilaire, which ranges southward from southern Florida 
and Texas, Miiller observed an odor in the male which he recorded 
both as faint and rather strong. 
In Dismorphia melite (fig. 23, pl. 3), which occurs in New Mexico, 
Miiller found in the male a faint disagreeable odor; but a single male 
taken by Mr. Longstaff in Venezuela had a scent like mignonette. 
This is all we know about the odor of our native pierids. Let us 
now review the information on the foreign species. 
The scent found in the European cabbage butterfly (Pierzs rape, 
fig 1, pl. 1 ) was also found by Mr. Longstaff in the related P. canidia 
in China and in India. 
The European species corresponding to our gray-veined white (P. 
oleracea), the green-veined white (P. napi, fig. 2, pl. 1), has long 
been known to be a fragrant butterfly. The odor of its wings has 
been compared to thyme, to lemon verbena, to orange and to balsam, 
and apparently is always present in the males, or rather can always 
be detected. Mr. Longstaff says that out of 46 examined all had the 
scent, and that many times he has known by the scent alone the 
moment he had it in his net that a small white was a male green- 
veined. This is no exaggeration, as I can testify from my experi- 
ence with this form in Europe. Mr. Longstaff says that besides the 
green-veined white there are but two other butterflies known to him 
with the lemon verbena fragrance, our gray-veined white, and the 
related P. melete of Japan. 
It is curious that the scent of the lar ge white of Europe (P. 
brassicae, fig. 6, pl. 1) is more difficult to detect than that of either the 
common baibige (P. rape) or the green-veined white (P. napi), but 
neither Doctor Dixey nor Mr. Longstaff have the slightest doubt of 
its existence. Doctor Dixey compared it to that of scarlet geranium 
