FRAGRANT BUTTERFLIES—CLARK 427 
petals, and Mr. Longstafi to the flowers of rape. But the latter 
thinks that orris root is the best comparison. 
Among the close relatives of our common sulphur the following 
observations are recorded. In Hurymus hyale (figs. 3, 4, pl. 1) var. 
marnoana, Mr. Longstaff found in the Sudan a very slight odor in 
both sexes which he doubtfully compared to chocolate candy or to 
cloves. In Eurymus edusa (figs. 17-19, pl. 3) caught in England, 
Doctor Dixey determined the existence in the male of an odor which 
he compared to heliotrope. Mr. Longstaff failed to detect any odor 
in this species in Algeria. Doctor Dixey found in a male of 
Eurymus electra in South Africa a scent like that which previously 
he had found in Z. edusa; Mr. Longstaff found a somewhat less 
agreeable odor. The latter suspected a slight scent in two males of 
E. nilgiriensis. 
Observations by Mr. Longstaff on Eurema phiale, like those on 
E. delia, gave results which were conflicting, but in the large ma- 
jority of cases negative. The results were uniformly negative in the 
case of L. albula. Five out of eight males of Hurema nise had a 
scent varying from very slight to very strong, which was compared 
to that of the pink bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) ; a slight scent, 
confirmed by Mrs. Longstaff, was detected in a female. 
In Eurema messalina a scent was noted in 6 males out of 10. 
Mr. Longstaff described it as distinct or strong, and compared it to 
pink bindweed and to spice. It is also noted as distinct from that 
of £. euterpe, more dusty and less specific, and in another specimen 
as more spicy than bindweed. The bindweed odor was detected by’ 
Mr. Longstaff in several males of &. libythea in Ceylon. He failed 
to detect any scent in /. hecabe or in any of the allied forms. 
Among the relatives of our Catopsilia eubule, Mr. Wood-Mason 
noticed in Assam that the tufts of hair on the wings of the males of 
Catopsilia pyranthe smell like jasmine. When in India Mr. Long- 
staff confirmed this observation, but thought a closer comparison 
was with the tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa). After his second visit 
to Ceylon in 1908 he wrote “ The number of specimens taken was 
very much smaller than of pomona, but the scent was more easily 
detected in the male, and more decided in the female, than in that 
species. In both sexes the scent was compared to Stephanotis, but 
in one male to Freesia, and in one female Mrs. Longstaff thought the 
odor was ‘a little bit hair-oily.’” 
On stroking the scent tufts on the hind wings of the male of 
Catopsilia pomona Mr. Longstaff detected a slight jasminelike scent; 
later he compared this to Freesia or to Stephanotis. Out of 27 
females examined the result was negative in 18; but in the other 9 a 
slight, usually very slight, sweet scent without other special charac- 
ter was noted. 
