428 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1926 
On exposure of the tufts of hairlike scales on the hind wings 
of males of Catopsilia florella in South Africa a very strong scent 
was found to be emitted. This Doctor Dixey compared to jasmine, 
and Mr. Longstaff to tuberoses or to Freesia. Mr. Longstaff con- 
firmed this later in the Sudan, and also there suspected a faint 
odor in the female. 
In Brazil, Fritz Miiller found a musklike odor in the males of 
Metura cipris (fig. 12, pl. 2) and of Rhabdodryas trite (fig. 15, pl. 2) ; 
it was unusually strong in the former but faint in the latter. 
Miiller observed that during courting the female of Appias ly- 
cimnia in Brazil emitted from the genitalia an odor which he 
described as rather faint, though quite distinct, and very different 
from that emitted by the male’s wings. This last he found to 
be very delicious, but rather faint and often hardly distinguish- 
able. Mr. Longstaff records that the three males caught by him 
all had a strong sweet flowery scent suggesting Freesia. Of three 
females one had a rich, sweet scent. 
The male of Dismorphia thermesia was found by Miiller in Brazil 
to emit a very strong odor disageeable to human noses. In the 
male of D. astyonome there is a similar, but much fainter odor. 
No examination has been made of either of our dog-face butter- 
flies (Zerene cesonia and Z. eurydice), but one out of three females 
of Z. cerbera (fig. 26, pl. 4) examined by Mr. Longstaff was found 
to have a slight very sweet scent like (?) clover. 
I have found no odor in our native eastern orange-tip (An- 
thocharis genutia |figs. 10, 11, pl. 2]), but I have had little oppor- 
tunity for testing it. In England, out of many tested of the Eu- 
ropean orange-tip (A. cardamines), Mr. Longstaff found a fairly 
distinct, though faint, scent, sometimes described as musky, once as 
“ very sweet.” 
A very interesting case of two different odors occurring in two 
closely related butterflies is afforded by the European brimstones 
(Gonepteryx rhamni [fig. 32, pl. 5] and G. cleopatra). While a 
slight scent has occasionally been detected in the males of the com- 
mon brimstone butterfly (G. rhamni), though most of the trials 
have given negative results, the males of the allied southern form 
(G. cleopatra) have a scent uniformly distinct and often strong 
which Mr. Longstaff, who discovered it, described as “ sweet, rich, 
thick—suggesting Freesia,’ later hesitating between Freesia and 
syringa. 
Of other pierids, seven males of Leptophobia aripa out of eight 
examined by Mr. Longstaff in Venezuela had a distinct or even 
strong scent which he compared on various occasions to orange, 
Freesia, and mignonette, 
