432 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1926 
a faint agreeable odor. Mr. Longstaff found that a male of P. ewr- 
medes had a strong odor of musty straw, and a living female of P. 
ceneides a similar odor which persisted after death. 
In Troides darsius of Ceylon (fig. 28, pl. 4) the males have a 
scent, sometimes a strong scent, like sassafras; the females smell like 
musty straw. 
Mr. H. Pryer said that the male of Papilio alcinous (fig. 39, pl. 
7) of Japan has a peculiarly sweet musky odor when alive, and that 
the female also emits a faint odor which to him is as unpleasant 
as that of the male is pleasant. 
In Assam Mr. Wood-Mason noted in the male of Papilio aristolo- 
chie a strong and slightly pungent odor resembling that of (?) 
bachelors’ buttons, or of the rose with a trace of acetic acid. Mr. 
Longstaff in Ceylon found that both sexes have an odor like musty 
hay. Of P. doubledayi (fig. 56, pl. 13) Mr. Wood-Mason said that 
the male has a musk-scented body, while the female of P. dasarada 
bas the strong scent of caged porcupines with a touch of musk, and 
the female of P. astorion hag a strong and disgustingly oo pipe 
odor. 
Mr. Longstaff has studied some additional Indian species. He 
found that the male of Papilo hector has a musty odor. Two males 
ot P. demoleus (fig. 31, pl. 5), one in Ceylon and one in India, had 
an odor like fresh straw; a female had “a slight peculiar scent in 
the field, stronger in the house.” A specimen of P. telephus, sex 
not given, had a slight sweet scent at home. A male of P. parinda 
was noted as having a scent like tea, but nothing of the kind was 
found in any of the other individuals examined. A male of P. 
polymnestor (fig. 38, pl. 7) had a somewhat musty odor. 
Among the South African swallowtails both Doctor Dixey and 
Mr. Longstaff found an odor of fusty packing straw in both sexes 
of Papilio demodocus which according to the latter was stronger in 
the female. Doctor Dixey sometimes found an element in the odor 
suggestive of cabbage water or a kitchen sink. Mr. Longstaff says 
that the male of Papilio dardanus (fig. 33, pl. 5) has an odor of 
the musty-straw type, and that some of the males of P. ly@us exam- 
ined had a scent which he at the time described as “sweet, luscious, 
flowery.” In the males of P. leonidas Doctor Dixey thought the 
scent to be like that of Danaus chrysippus,; but Mr. pe found 
in several males what he described as a “ hyenas sweet ‘ white flour’ 
scent, followed by something more spicy.” 
Beliey re found that Zhats polyxena, which feeds on Aristolochia, 
has on emergence when handled an odor like that of its food plant, 
which arises from a fluid left upon the hand that has seized the 
insect. 
