FRAGRANT BUTTERFLIES—CLARK 435 
nalis (fig. 54, pl. 12) 9 yielded a scent noted as slight, moderate, or 
decided, and described as pleasant or sweet, and in 2 cases compared 
(with, however, some hesitation) to clover. In a single female out 
of seven a slight scent was found and compared to Stephanotis; but 
Mrs. Longstaff in the house said “(?) ginger.” 
Of four males and four females of Danaus taprobana Mr. Long- 
staff found an odor in two females only. In the field he called it 
“a slight musty scent,” but on reéxamination he compared it to 
stale tobacco smoke. In a previous investigation he reached more 
positive conclusions, saying that “it has the acetylene odor of 
Euploa core (fig. 44, pl. 9), but not so strong and with a difference.” 
In Danaus aglea Mr. Longstaff detected a distinct scent “in 15 
males out of 17 and in 11 females out of 14. In the male the scent 
varied from very slight to strong; twice, indeed, it was so strong 
as to be clearly perceptible when the insect was fluttering in the 
net.” In 13 examples he compared it to acetylene; in the other 2 
it was described as acetylene plus cockroach; but these, when re- 
examined in the house, were described as cockroach only and slightly 
musty, respectively. In six individuals in which there was a decided, 
or even strong scent in the field, none was detected in the house; 
in others the scent at home was slight, or described as musty; but in 
one it was compared to sweet hay. In all the 11 females the scent 
was compared to acetylene. Two other females were said to have 
a musty odor. Mr. Longstaff was satisfied that in D. aglea the 
scent is more transitory, possibly more volatile, than in the majority 
of scent-producing butterflies. 
Doctor Dixey and Mr. Longstaff both agree that the two sexes of 
Amauris albimaculata yield a similar smell of musty straw, accom- 
panied by an evanescent sharp or pungent scent like that of vinegar. 
In A. echena Mr. G. A. K. Marshall found a strong smell, which 
reminded him somewhat of that emitted by many ladybirds. 
In four males and two females of Huplwa core (fig. 44, pl. 9) 
Mr. Longstaff found a scent that to him suggested rancid oil or old 
lamps, but which he later called acetylene. In one female he de- 
scribed it as muskrat plus acetylene. But in two specimens he 
described the scent when examined in the house as like that of acetic 
acid, although in the same specimens he had noted in the field the 
odor of acetylene. He suggests that the scent has two elements, one 
more persistent than the other. 
In Luplea asela a scent was noted in the field in 32 out of 38 
males and in 17 out of 19 females. In four males and one female 
no scent was detected; there is no record of the others. On reex- 
amination in the hotel in 13 males and 5 females no scent could 
be detected; when a scent was noted in the house it was in the large 
majority of specimens, especially among males, much fainter than 
