FRAGRANT BUTTERFLIES—CLARK 437- 
Neither of our two species of Colenis has ever been examined. 
In @. cillene in Jamaica Mr. Longstaff found, in eight out of 11 
males, a decided scent, though never strong. Its character was noted 
as peculiar, sweetish, pleasant, distinctly aromatic, resinous, druglike 
or medicinal; it suggested to him at one time or another tea, Canada 
balsam, and pure carbolic acid, but his wife compared it to ginger, 
or a mixture of ginger with jasmine. Later he thought that sassa- 
fras would probably be the best comparison. 
Miiller says that the heliconians possess a disgusting odor which 
is generally stronger in the females. Of 11 males of Heliconius 
hydarus examined by Mr, Longstaff in Trinidad, Tobago, and Vene- 
zuela, 3 gave a negative result and 1 was doubtful; but the remaining 
7 had a scent which varied from slight to very strong and was 
described as musty, like acetylene, or like hazeline (a preparation 
of witch-hazel). Eight females were examined, only one with nega- 
tive results; in the other seven the scent varied from slight to strong, 
and was described as disagreeable, or like acetylene, or like hazeline. 
In one male and one female the scent was so strong as to be easily 
discerned when the butterfly was fluttering in the net. Two males of 
H. euryades were examined by Mr. Longstaff; one had a peculiar, 
rather pleasant, smell, the other none. Two females also were ex- 
amined; in one the result was doubtful, but the other had a slight 
odor lke that of the preceding. 
Three males of Hueides aliphera were examined by Mr. Longstaff 
in Trinidad, two with negative results; the third had a stablelike 
odor. Two females both had decided odors, described as a peculiar 
scent, (?) acetylene, strong when alive, and as a strong Dione (that 
is, stablelike) scent when living. 
Among the close relatives of our peacock butterfly (Junonia 
cenia, fig. 25, pl. 3; fig. 48, pl. 9), a male of the Indian Junonia 
almana had a slight sugary scent, and two males of Precis iphita 
out of several yielded a slight odor of molasses. 
Quite a number of additional nymphalids have been studied. ‘The 
European species of Charawes is said by Girard to have a strong odor 
of musk, especially just after its emergence; but he does not state 
in which sex this is found, nor its point of origin. Of C. varanes 
of South Africa Doctor Dixey says that a male on being squeezed 
emitted an odorless juice. Another was noted by Mr. Longstaff as 
having an odor resembling molasses. A female was thought by him 
to have a smell like cow dung, but to Doctor Dixey the scent of the 
same specimen recalled that of Danaus chrysippus. 
In Brazil an unusually strong odor was detected by Fritz Miiller 
in the males of Myscelia orsis, Epicalia acontius and Ageronia are- 
thusa. In Prepona laértes he noted a distinct odor in the male, not 
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