438 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1926 
strong, but unmistakable, like a bat. In Dédonis biblis he found a 
strong disagreeable odor common to both sexes. The males have in 
addition two other scents comparable to heliotrope and musk re- 
spectively, the latter faint. 
Five males of Cynthia asela out of eight taken in Ceylon were 
found by Mr. Longstaff to have a peculiar slight sweet scent, at the 
time compared by him to sassafras or to French polish. 
In Neptis jumba from Ceylon a faint sweet chocolate scent was 
detected in a male in the house by Mr. Longstaff. A somewhat sim- 
ilar scent was suspected in another male and in a female. But no 
scent was recognized in the much commoner JV. varmona. In N, 
agatha (fig. 51, pl. 11) from South Africa Doctor Dixey noted in 
three males from Natal a strong and very disagreeable scent, like 
that of Danaus chrysippus, but more intense. Three males taken by 
Mr. Longstaff on the Zambesi had a slight scent which he described as 
sweet. Doctor Dixey notes that there is a difference in the aspect 
of the insects from the two localities. 
Doctor Dixey and Mr. Longstaff are agreed tnat the male of 
Hamanumida dedalus of South Africa has a smell of the burnt 
sugar type. 
In the males of Bybdlia goetzius in South Africa Doctor Dixey 
found a very distinct and agreeable odor of sweet chocolate, with a 
suggestion of vanilla. Mr. Longstaff found a similar scent in the 
only specimen he examined, which was a female. 
In Salamis anacardti of South Africa both sexes have an animal- 
like odor which to Mr. Longstaff suggested rabbit hutches; it ap- 
pears to be stronger m the female. 
Very pronounced odors are characteristic of the Morphos and 
their allies. Fritz Miiller found that the males of Morpho hercules, 
M. epistrophis, M. menelaus, M. achilles and M. adonis give off a 
very distinct odor which in the last two is most agreeable, resembling 
vanilla. 
In Assam Mr. Wood-Mason found that in Stichophthalma cama- 
deva the gland covered by a patch of modified scales and by an 
erectile wisp of hairs on each hind wing occurring in the male 
secretes a fluid that gives out a pleasant odor distinct from, but so 
faint as barely to be perceptible in the presence of, a much stronger 
odor resembling that of a sable fresh from the furrier’s shop which 
is common to the two sexes. Mr. Wood-Mason also noted that the 
scent fans of 7 haumantis diores are vanilla scented. 
Among the Brassoline Fritz Miiller noted very distinct odors in 
the males of various species of Caligo, Opsiphanes and Dasyoph- 
thalma, the odor being particularly strong in the last named. 
According to Miiller all the Brazilian Ithomiine emit a more 
or less distinct odor from a tuft of long hairs near the fore margin 
