FRAGRANT BUTTERFLIES—CLARK 439 
of the hind wings. In Dircenna xantho he says there is a rather 
strong and most agreeable fragrance of vanilla. In Ceratinia 
eupompe, Mechanitis lysimnia and Ithomia sylvo he records a faint 
scent in the males. In Thyridia megisto he found an odor in both 
sexes, but much fainter in the female. 
In Tithorea megara Mr. Longstaff found a very distinct, or even 
strong, scent which he compared to Stephanotis, but he thought it 
had in addition a spicy or dusty element. In Athesis clearista he 
noted that a male had a slight sweet flowery scent, both alive and 
dead, which appeared to be associated with the brushes on the hind 
wings. A male of Leucothyris victorina and another of L. phemone 
had each an offensive odor which in the latter seemed to be associated 
with the tufts or brushes on the hind wings. 
Both of the species of Elymniinez which have been examined are 
strongly fragrant. In Assam Mr. Wood-Mason noted that the males 
of Llymnias undularis emit a strong odor resembling vanilla, the 
females being scentless. In 2. fraterna, which is probably an insular 
race of the preceding, Mr. Longstaff found in four males an odor 
like that of vanilla scented chocolate; once Mrs. Longstaff compared 
it to very strong honey or coarse brown sugar. 
Among the Acreine (fig. 42, pl. 9) Fritz Miiller noted a dis- 
gusting odor in both sexes of Actinote thalia. Mr. Longstaff failed 
to detect any odor in A. antwas at Caracas, Venezuela. 
All of the other observations on members of this group are based 
on South African species. Doctor Dixey found that the green juice 
exuded from a male of Planema aganice had a by no means un- 
pleasant odor, like that of a crushed cabbage leaf. Doctor Dixey 
and Mr. Longstaff concur in stating that both sexes of Aerwa al- 
boradiata have a distinct musty odor, like old hay or straw; they 
both are in substantial agreement regarding A. anemosa in which 
the males have a musty odor, which Doctor Dixey found also in a 
female. Mr. G. A. K. Marshall says that this is the only Acrea in 
which he has noticed a strong odor. In A. encedon Mr. Longstaff 
found a slight unpleasant odor in both sexes. In A. doubledayi 
Doctor Dixey and Mr. Longstaff concur as to a musty odor in the 
male, and the latter found it in the female also. Mr. Longstaff found 
a faint odor in both sexes of A. atolmés. In A. caldarena Doctor 
Dixey found a distinct smell of musty straw in the female, and Mr. 
Longstaff came across a similar but slighter odor in a male. Doctor 
Dixey found a similar musty odor in A. atergatis, accompanied by 
a strong ammoniacal scent, like that of stable litter; no sex was 
given. 
Satyrids—In many of the wood nymphs or Satyridz the males 
have numerous and well-developed scent scales, but in only a very 
