440 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1926 
few of them has an odor been detected, and when found the fragrance 
has usually been faint. No odor has been found in any of our species. 
Several European forms have been found to have a scent, though 
it is faint in all. Doctor Dixey and Mr. Longstaff are agreed that 
the males of Satyrus semele have a slight scent which the former 
compared to chocolate or to sandalwood, the latter to snuff or old 
cigar boxes. Both these gentlemen found that the males of E’pine- 
phele janira have a very slight odor; to Mr. Longstaff it appeared 
somewhat pungent and suggested old cigar boxes. Doctor Dixey 
found in the males of Pararge magera a faint but heavy odor sug- 
gestive of chocolate cream which he connected with the brand on 
the forewings. In P. schakra of India Mr. Longstaff suspected the 
existence of a very slight sweet scent that appeared to be unlike that 
of any other species examined up to that time (1903). Mr. Longstaff 
found a shght but distinct musky scent in two males of Melanargia 
galathea. Aurivillius recorded that both sexes of the European 
'neis norna have a musky odor. 
In Jamaica Mr. Longstaff found in 10 males of Calisto zangis, 
nearly all those examined, a scent varying from faint to strong com- 
pared by him to molasses, chocolate, burnt sugar, or to caramel, 
but in one instance described simply as aromatic. Ten females were 
without scent. Fritz Miller says that the male of the Brazilian 
Antirrhea archea emits a strong odor, which he does not describe. 
In Assam Mr. Wood-Mason found that the males of Lethe rohria 
emit a delicious vanillalike scent. 
Mr. Longstaff detected in a few males of Yphthima ceylonica, 
which was flying abundantly when he was in Ceylon, a very slight 
scent of chocolate. 
The males of the four species of Mycalesis which have been exam- 
ined all possessed an unusually strong fragrance. Mr. Wood-Mason 
found in M. suavolens in Assam that the scent glands and fans emit 
a powerful and delicious odor resembling that of vanilla which con- 
tinues for some hours after death. In UM. mineus var. polydecta, 
which he examined in Ceylon, Mr. Longstaff found in two male 
specimens that exposure of the pencils of hairs on the hind wings 
produced a strong scent which he compared to burnt sugar, and his 
wife to coarse brown sugar or molasses. In South Africa Doctor 
Dixey found in the tufts of the male of M. sajitza a very strong odor 
of chocolate. In UU. perspicua,examined alsoin South Africa, Doctor 
Dixey and Mr. Longstaff are agreed that there is a strong odor 
distinct from that of the preceding, but they were in only partial 
agreement as to its character. 
The most interesting of the wood nymphs in regard to odors is 
Heteronympha merope of Australia and Tasmania, which is remark- 
able for the striking difference between the sexes, the males being 
